¹ See their contributions to Yans-McLaughlin, Virginia (ed.), Immigration Reconsidered: History, Sociology, and Politics (New York etc., 1990)Google Scholar.

² Hoerder, Dirk, “International labor markets and community building by migrant workers in the Atlantic economies”, in Vecoli, Rudolph J. and Sinke, Susanne M. (eds), A Century of European Migrations, 1830–1930 (Urbana and Chicago, 1991), pp. 78–110Google Scholar. See also his latest publication, People on the move. Migration, acculturation, and ethnic interaction in Europe and North-America (German Historical Institute Washington D.C. Annual Lecture Series no. 6) (Providence/Oxford, 1993).

³ Pooley, Colin and Whyte, Ian D. (eds), Migrants, Emigrants and Immigrants: A Social History of Migration (London and New York, 1991)Google Scholar.

⁴ Lucassen, Jan, Migrant Labour in Europe 1600–1900: The Drift to the North Sea (London etc., 1987)Google Scholar.

⁵ Noiriel, Gérard, La tyrannie du national. Le droit d'asile en Europe 1793–1993 (Paris, 1991)Google Scholar and Brubaker, Rogers, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1992)Google Scholar. For a more extensive discussion see , Leo Lucassen, “Het onontkoombare nationaliteitsbeginsel. Een bespreking van enige recente literatuur over (im)migratie en natievorming”, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geschiedenis, 4 (1993), pp. 489–505Google Scholar.

⁶ Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood, p. 34.

⁷ A shrewd analysis of the German situation which emphasizes the attitude of the state and society is offered in Cohn-Bendit, Daniel and Schmid, Thomas, Heimat Babylon. Das Wagnis der multikulturellen Demokratie (Hamburg, 1993)Google Scholar. Among other things, they refute the idea that foreigners are so different from the indigenous population and they show that the preparedness of, for example, Turkish immigrants to adjust is much greater than is generally assumed (see, for example, pp. 163–175).