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Bonapartist Workers during the Second Empire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2008

David I. Kulstein
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In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries militant and class-conscious European and American workers have generally supported democratic and socialist movements and parties. Workers attracted by antidemocratic and reactionary organizations and regimes have usually come from the dregs of their class, from Marx's famous Lumpenproletariat (true, the leadership has often included disappointed ex-Marxists). At times, however, this generalization must be qualified. Today, for example, the trade unions that favor Peron in Argentina include the kind of activist worker usually to be found in Social Democratic and Marxist movements. During the final decade of the Second Empire a somewhat similar attitude towards an anti-democratic regime emerged among some French workers. In the 1860's a significant minority of workers, often better educated than the average and with a long record of service to the working class, urged support of the Second Empire and often became devoted followers of Napoleon III. This article examines the motives and the activities of such Bonapartist inclined workers.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Review of Social History , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , August 1964 , pp. 226 - 236
Copyright
Copyright © Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis 1964

References

page 226 note 1 Kulstein, David I., The Attitude of French Workers towards the Second Empire, in: French Historical Studies, Vol. II, No. 3 (Spring, 1962), pp. 356–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 227 note 1 Fougère, Henry, Les délégations ouvrières aux expositions universelles sous le Second Empire, Montluçon 1905, p. 46.Google Scholar

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page 228 note 1 “Organisation du travail. Discussion entre le Journal, le Globe et un ouvrier typographe” (Paris 1844)Google Scholar. Extrait de la Ruche populaire, by Coutant “ouvrier typographe”.

page 228 note 2 Bibliothèque Nationale Le 64 1305, “A M. M. les électeurs du département de la Somme” (Péronne 1848)Google Scholar. This is an electoral placard.

page 228 note 3 Coutant, A., Propriété et travail association, Paris, 1868, p. 1. A pamphlet.Google Scholar

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page 228 note 5 Durand, Jacques, Mémoires adressés à la Réunion générale des coupeurs et brocheurs en chaussure de la ville de Paris, Paris n.d. (but after 1864)Google Scholar. Duveau, Georges, La vie ouvrière en France sous le Second Empire, Paris 1946, p. 390.Google Scholar

page 228 note 6 Pessard, Hector, Mes petits papiers 1860–1870, Paris 1887, I, p. 115.Google Scholar

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page 229 note 3 Aumales's pamphlet may be found in Henri d'Aumale, Ecrits politiques (1861–1868), Brussels 1868. The letter, addressed to the Prince Napoleon, contrasted Louis Philippe's generous treatment of the Bonapartes with Napoleon III's harsh treatment of the Orleanist family. It also attacked the Second Empire's foreign policy.

page 229 note 4 Le Peuple, p. 4.

page 230 note 1 “Comment nous n'avons rien à attendre des anciens partis”, pp. 5–9.Google Scholar

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page 232 note 3 A.N. 45 AP6 (dossier 4). “Papiers de Rouher”, Nov. 28, 1868Google Scholar. Although this police report refers to a “Chabot”, it is undoubtedly Chabaud.

page 232 note 4 Bazin, , L'Opposition, pp. 4 ff.Google Scholar

page 232 note 5 L'Opinion nationale, March 13, 1864Google Scholar.

page 233 note 1 Les délégations ouvrières à l'Exposition universelle de Londres en 1862, Paris 1862, p. 10.Google Scholar

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page 233 note 3 A.N. F18 396, File on L'Opinion nationale. When Guéroult rallied to the Third Republic after the fall of the Empire, the Prince Napoleon angrily demanded repayment of the loan. Article on Guéroult in Larousse, Grand dictionnaire universel du XlXème siède.

page 234 note 1 Duveau, , La pensée ouvrière, p. 312.Google Scholar

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page 235 note 2 L'Organisation des travailleurs par les corporations nouvelles, Paris 1861Google Scholar; A l'Empereur Napoléon III, manifeste des ouvriers, Paris n.d.

page 235 note 3 Voeux et besoins des ouvriers corroyeurs, Paris 1862Google Scholar; Coutant, Du salaire des ouvriers compositeurs, Paris 1861Google Scholar; Des intérêts typographiques devant la conférence mixte. Des maîtres imprimeurs et des ouvriers compositeurs, Paris 1861Google Scholar.

page 235 note 4 Voeux et besoins des ouvriers corroyeurs, pp. 21, 23Google Scholar.

page 235 note 5 A l'Empereur Napoleon III.

page 235 note 6 A l'Empereur. Les cahiers populaires I, pp. 8, 21Google Scholar: “Aujourd'hui, en politique, le peuple est l'égal de la bourgeoisie, puisque, grâce aux conquêtes de février, maintenues par l'Empereur, il nomme les députés au Corps législatif, les membres des conseils municipaux et des conseils généraux.”

page 235 note 7 Duveau, , La pensée ouvrière, p. 296.Google Scholar

page 236 note 1 Richard, Albert and Blanc, Gaspard, L'Empire et la France nouvelle, appel du peuple et de la jeunesse à la conscience française, Brussels 1872Google Scholar. True, Richard soon renounced and became a socialist.

page 236 note 2 Evans, Thomas W., Memoirs of Dr. Thomas W. Evans. The Second Empire, New York 1905, p. 501Google Scholar. The American Evans was the Empress's dentist.

page 236 note 3 Halévy, Daniel, La République des ducs, Paris 1937, p. 335Google Scholar. Other miners responded, however, with shouts of “Vive la République!”.