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Weight loss and incident dementia in elderly Yoruba Nigerians: a 10-year follow-up study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 August 2010

Adesola Ogunniyi ,
Su Gao ,
Frederick W. Unverzagt ,
Olusegun Baiyewu ,
Oyewusi Gureje ,
James Tat Nguyen ,
Valerie Smith-Gamble ,
Jill R. Murrell ,
Ann M. Hake  and
Kathleen S. Hall
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Adesola Ogunniyi*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Su Gao
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
Frederick W. Unverzagt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
Olusegun Baiyewu
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Oyewusi Gureje
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
James Tat Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
Valerie Smith-Gamble
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
Jill R. Murrell
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
Ann M. Hake
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
Kathleen S. Hall
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
Hugh C. Hendrie
Affiliation:
The Regenstrief Institute Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A. Center for Aging Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, U.S.A.
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Adesola Ogunniyi, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria. Phone: +234 8038094173. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Background: The relationship between weight and dementia risk has not been investigated in populations with relatively low body mass index (BMI) such as the Yoruba. This study set out to achieve this objective using a prospective observational design.

Methods: The setting was Idikan Ward in Ibadan City, Nigeria. The participants were all aged 65 years or older and were enrolled in the Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia Project. Repeated cognitive assessments and clinical evaluations were conducted to identify participants with dementia or MCI during 10 years of follow-up (mean duration: 5.97 years). BMI measures, information on alcohol, smoking history, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, heart attack, stroke and depression were collected at each follow-up evaluation. Mixed effect models adjusted for covariates were used to examine the differences in BMI among participants who developed dementia or MCI and those who remained cognitively normal during the follow-up.

Results: This analysis included 1559 participants who had no dementia at their first BMI measurements. There were 136 subjects with incident dementia, 255 with MCI and 1168 with normal cognition by the end of the study. The mean BMI at baseline was higher for female participants (22.31; SD = 4.39) than for male (21.09; SD = 3.61, p < 0.001). A significantly greater decline in BMI was found in those with either incident dementia (p < 0.001) or incident MCI (p < 0.001) compared to normal subjects.

Conclusion: Decline in BMI is associated with incident MCI and dementia in elderly Yoruba. This observation calls for close monitoring of weight loss in elderly individuals which may indicate future cognitive impairment for timely detection and tailored interventions.

Keywords

body mass indexdementiamild cognitive impairmentnormal cognition
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , April 2011 , pp. 387 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2010

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