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A new music therapy engagement scale for persons with dementia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2018

Jane Tan ,
Shiou-Liang Wee ,
Pei Shi Yeo Open the ORCID record for Pei Shi Yeo [Opens in a new window] ,
Juliet Choo ,
Michele Ritholz  and
Philip Yap
Jane Tan
Affiliation:
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore
Shiou-Liang Wee
Affiliation:
Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
Pei Shi Yeo
Affiliation:
Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
Juliet Choo
Affiliation:
School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
Michele Ritholz
Affiliation:
Make Therapy Musical-Creative Arts Therapy PLLC, New York, US
Philip Yap*
Affiliation:
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Philip Yap, Associate Professor, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828. Phone: +65-6602-2154. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Objectives:

To develop and validate a new scale to assess music therapy engagement in persons with dementia (PWDs).

Design:

A draft scale was derived from literature review and >2 years of qualitative recording of PWDs during music therapy. Content validity was attained through iterative consultations, trial sessions, and revisions. The final five-item Music Therapy Engagement scale for Dementia (MTED) assessed music and non-music related elements. Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were assessed over 120 music therapy sessions. MTED was validated with the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-being Observation Tool, Holden Communication Scale, and Participant Engagement Observation Checklist – Music Sessions.

Setting and participants:

A total of 62 PWDs (83.2 ± 7.7 years, modified version of the mini-mental state examination = 13.2/30 ± 4.1) in an acute hospital dementia unit were involved.

Results:

The mean MTED score was 13.02/30 ± 4.27; internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87) and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.96) were good. Principal component analysis revealed a one-factor structure with Eigen value > 1 (3.27), which explained 65.4% of the variance. MTED demonstrated good construct validity. The MTED total score correlated strongly with the combined items comprising Pleasure, Interest, Sadness, and Sustained attention of the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-being Observation Tool (rs = 0.88, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

MTED is a clinically appropriate and psychometrically valid scale to evaluate music therapy engagement in PWDs.

Keywords

Dementiamusic therapyscales
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 31 , Issue 1: Issue Theme: Parkinson's Disease , January 2019 , pp. 49 - 58
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2018 

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