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Living alone, social cohesion, and quality of life among older adults in rural and urban China: a conditional process analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

Denise Burnette Open the ORCID record for Denise Burnette [Opens in a new window] ,
Xujingzi Ye ,
Zhaowen Cheng  and
Hangqing Ruan
Denise Burnette*
Affiliation:
Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Academic Learning Commons, Richmond, VA, USA
Xujingzi Ye
Affiliation:
Peking University Institute of Population Research/Institute of Ageing Studies, Beijing, China
Zhaowen Cheng
Affiliation:
China Development Research Foundation, Beijing, China
Hangqing Ruan
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, MA, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Denise Burnette, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Academic Learning Commons, Richmond, VA, USA. Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Objectives:

To test the independent and combined impact of social cohesion and geographic locale (urban/rural) on quality of life (QoL) for older adults in China. Using conditional process analysis, we tested three hypotheses: (1) QoL will be lower for persons living alone than those who live with family; (2) social cohesion will mediate the association of living arrangement and QoL; and (3) geographic locale will moderate direct and indirect pathways in the mediation model.

Design:

Cross-sectional data from WHO Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE) (China, Wave 1, 2007–2010).

Setting:

National probability sample of 74 primary sampling units in China, 32 in urban, and 32 in rural areas.

Participants:

A total of 9,663 adults aged 50 years and older.

Measurements:

We measured QOL with the 8-item version of the WHOQOL-Bref; living arrangement as alone versus with family; and social cohesion with an 9-item index of frequency of a range of social activities in the previous 12 months. We controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and health and mental health variables in multivariate analyses.

Results:

Data supported the first two hypotheses; however, the mediating effects of social cohesion held only in urban areas.

Conclusion:

This study advances the large body of work on living arrangements and well-being of older adults in China. Social cohesion contributed to better QoL regardless of living arrangement, and cohesion mediated the association of living arrangement and QOL in urban but not rural areas. Programs and policies that strengthen social cohesion through older adults’ community involvement, especially in urban areas, will help to enhance QoL.

Keywords

ruralquality of life (QoL)loneliness
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 33 , Special Issue 5: Issue Theme: Loneliness and Social Connectedness , May 2021 , pp. 469 - 479
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2020

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