Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T10:50:45.814Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Differences in depression between unknown diabetes and known diabetes: results from China health and retirement longitudinal study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2016

Huaqing Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
Xiaoyue Xu
Affiliation:
Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
John J. Hall
Affiliation:
Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Xuesen Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
Min Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Health Management, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Min Zhang, Department of Health Management, Bengbu Medical College, No. 2600 Donghai Ave, Bengbu 233030, China. Fax: 86 552 3173962. Email: [email protected].

Abstract

Background:

Both diabetes and depression have become serious public health problems and are major contributors to the global burden of disease. People with diabetes have been shown to have higher risk of depression. The purpose of this study was to observe the differences in depression between older Chinese adults with known or unknown diabetes.

Methods:

Data came from the national baseline survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depression. Participants with a history of diabetes diagnosis were considered to have known diabetes, and those with newly-diagnosed diabetes were considered to have unknown diabetes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate odds ratio (OR) for depression in predictor variables.

Results:

Overall, 39.1% of the 2,399 participants with diabetes suffered from depression. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in people with known diabetes (43.5%) than those with unknown diabetes (35.1%). The biggest differences between the two groups were found in the middle aged, in women, in the less educated and in married people. In known diabetes, people treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) coupled with oral western medicine (WM) and/or insulin had two-fold odds of depression compared to those without treatment.

Conclusion:

The knowledge of having diabetes, treatments and suffering from other chronic diseases were associated with the higher prevalence of depression in people with known diabetes compared to those with unknown diabetes. Prevention of depression in diabetics should receive more attention in the middle aged, women and the less education.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R. J., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E. and Lustman, P. J. (2001). The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 24, 10691078.Google Scholar
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B. and Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10, 7784.Google Scholar
Boey, K. W. (1999). Cross-validation of a short form of the CES-D in Chinese elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 608617.Google Scholar
Chen, H. and Mui, A. C. (2014). Factorial validity of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale short form in older population in China. International Psychogeriatrics, 26, 4957.Google Scholar
Cheng, S. T. and Chan, A. C. (2005). The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale in older chinese: thresholds for long and short forms. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 465470.Google Scholar
Cohen, F. F. and Lazarus, R. S. (1979). Coping with the stresses of illness. In Stone, G. C., Cohen, F., Adler, N. E. (eds), Health Psychology. pp, 217254. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
DeJean, D., Giacomini, M., Vanstone, M. and Brundisini, F. (2013). Patient experiences of depression and anxiety with chronic disease: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series, 13, 133.Google Scholar
El Mahalli, A. A. (2015). Prevalence and predictors of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in eastern province, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Health Sciences (Qassim), 9, 119126.Google Scholar
Engum, A. (2007). The role of depression and anxiety in onset of diabetes in a large population-based study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62, 3138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engum, A., Mykletun, A., Midthjell, K., Holen, A. and Dahl, A. A. (2005). Depression and diabetes: a large population-based study of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with depression in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 28, 19041909.Google Scholar
Gazmararian, J. A., Ziemer, D. C. and Barnes, C. (2009). Perception of barriers to self-care management among diabetic patients. The Diabetes Educator, 35, 778788.Google Scholar
Golden, S. H. et al. (2008). Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. JAMA, 299, 27512759.Google Scholar
International Diabetes Federation . 6th edition. IDF; Brussels: 2013. IDF diabetes atlas. www.idf.org/diabetesatlas; last accessed 28 May 2015.Google Scholar
Kalantari, S., Jafarinezhad, A. and Zohrevand, B. (2014). Association of depression with type 2 diabetes and relevant factors. Advanced Biomedical Research, 3, 244.Google Scholar
Katon, W. J. et al. (2005). The association of comorbid depression with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 28, 26682672.Google Scholar
Katon, W. et al. (2004). Behavioral and clinical factors associated with depression among individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27, 914920.Google Scholar
Li, C. et al. (2009). Association between diagnosed diabetes and serious psychological distress among U.S. adults: the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2007. International Journal of Public Health, 54 (Suppl. 1), 4351.Google Scholar
Liu, Y., Maier, M., Hao, Y., Chen, Y., Qin, Y. and Huo, R. (2013). Factors related to quality of life for patients with type 2 diabetes with or without depressive symptoms - results from a community-based study in China. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 8088.Google Scholar
Lustman, P. J., Griffith, L. S. and Clouse, R. E. (1988). Depression in adults with diabetes. Results of 5-yr follow-up study. Diabetes Care, 11, 605612.Google Scholar
Ma, L. et al. (2015). Risk factors for depression among elderly subjects with hypertension living at home in China. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 8, 29232928.Google Scholar
Maraldi, C. et al. (2007). Diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and incident depressive symptoms among 70- to 79-year-old persons: the health, aging, and body composition study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 11371144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meurs, M., Roest, A. M., Wolffenbuttel, B. H., Stolk, R. P., de Jonge, P. and Rosmalen, J. G. (2015). Association of depressive and anxiety disorders with diagnosed versus undiagnosed diabetes: an epidemiological study of 90,686 participants. Psychosomatic Medicine, 78, 233241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezuk, B. et al. (2013). Is ignorance bliss? depression, antidepressants, and the diagnosis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Health Psychology, 32, 254263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mishler, E. G. (1981). The social construction of illness. In: , E. G. Mishler, Amarasingham, L. R. , S. D. Osherson, et al. (eds.). Social Contexts of Health, Illness, and Patient Care. pp. 141168. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Niraula, K. et al. (2013). Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus without a prior psychiatric history: a cross-sectional study in clinical settings in urban Nepal. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 309.Google Scholar
Olvera, R. L., Fisher-Hoch, S. P., Williamson, D. E., Vatcheva, K. P. and McCormick, J. B. (2015). Depression in Mexican Americans with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. Psychological Medicine, 110.Google Scholar
Park, C. Y., Kim, S. Y., Gil, J. W., Park, M. H., Park, J. H. and Kim, Y. (2015). Depression among Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: ansan-community-based epidemiological study. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 6, 224232.Google Scholar
Renn, B. N., Feliciano, L. and Segal, D. L. (2011). The bidirectional relationship of depression and diabetes: a systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 12391246.Google Scholar
Shah, B. M., Mezzio, D. J., Ho, J. and Ip, E. J. (2015). Association of ABC (HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol) goal attainment with depression and health-related quality of life among adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 29, 794800.Google Scholar
Strauss, J. et al. (2010). Health outcomes and socio-economic status among the elderly in gansu and Zhejiang provinces, China: evidence from the CHARLS pilot. Journal of Population Ageing, 3, 111142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sweileh, W. M., Abu-Hadeed, H. M. Al-Jabi, S. W. and Zyoud, S. H. (2014). Prevalence of depression among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study in Palestine. BMC Public Health, 14, 163.Google Scholar
Thomas, J., Jones, G., Scarinci, I. and Brantley, P. (2003). A descriptive and comparative study of the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in low-income adults with type 2 diabetes and other chronic illnesses. Diabetes Care, 26, 23112317.Google Scholar
Thoolen, B. J., de Ridder, D. T., Bensing, J. M., Gorter, K. J. and Rutten, G. E. (2006). Psychological outcomes of patients with screen-detected type 2 diabetes: the influence of time since diagnosis and treatment intensity. Diabetes Care, 29, 22572262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trento, M. et al. (2015). Depression, anxiety and cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes: an 8-year prospective observational study. Acta Diabetologica, 52, 11571166.Google Scholar
Vamos, E. P., Mucsi, I., Keszei, A., Kopp, M. S. and Novak, M. (2009). Comorbid depression is associated with increased healthcare utilization and lost productivity in persons with diabetes: a large nationally representative Hungarian population survey. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 501507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, L., Song, R., Chen, Z., Wang, J. and Ling, F. (2015). Prevalence of depressive symptoms and factors associated with it in type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study in China. BMC Public Health, 15, 188.Google Scholar
Whiteford, H. A. et al. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the global Burden of disease study 2010. Lancet, 382, 15751586.Google Scholar
Xu, Y. et al. (2013). Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults. JAMA, 310, 948959.Google Scholar
Yang, G. et al. (2013). Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet, 381, 19872015.Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Norris, S. L., Gregg, E. W., Cheng, Y. J., Beckles, G. and Kahn, H. S. (2005). Depressive symptoms and mortality among persons with and without diabetes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161, 652660.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y. H., Strauss, J., Park, A. and Sun, Y. (2013) China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study-2011-2012 National baseline users’ Guide Accessed 28 May 2015.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y., Hu, Y., Smith, J. P., Strauss, J. and Yang, G. (2014). Cohort profile: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). International Journal of Epidemiology, 43, 6168.Google Scholar