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Comparing cardiovascular risk factors in older persons with mild cognitive impairment and lifetime history of major depressive disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2021

Wael K. Karameh ,
Ines Kortebi ,
Sanjeev Kumar ,
Damien Gallagher ,
Angela Golas ,
Krista L. Lanctôt ,
Meryl A. Butters ,
Christopher R. Bowie ,
Alastair Flint  and
Tarek Rajji
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Wael K. Karameh
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Ines Kortebi
Affiliation:
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Sanjeev Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Damien Gallagher
Affiliation:
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
Angela Golas
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Krista L. Lanctôt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
Meryl A. Butters
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
Christopher R. Bowie
Affiliation:
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
Alastair Flint
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Tarek Rajji
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Nathan Herrmann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
Bruce G. Pollock
Affiliation:
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Benoit Mulsant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Linda Mah
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
David G. Munoz
Affiliation:
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Tom A. Schweizer
Affiliation:
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Corinne E. Fischer*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Corinne E. Fischer, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond St., Room 17-044 Cardinal Carter Wing, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. Phone: +416 864 5320. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objectives:

To compare the prevalence of select cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus lifetime history of major depression disorder (MDD) and a normal comparison group using baseline data from the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia with Cognitive Remediation plus Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (PACt-MD) study.

Design:

Baseline data from a multi-centered intervention study of older adults with MCI, history of MDD, or combined MCI and history of MDD (PACt-MD) were analyzed.

Setting:

Community-based multi-centered study based in Toronto across 5 academic sites.

Participants:

Older adults with MCI, history of MDD, or combined MCI and history of MDD and healthy controls.

Measurements:

We examined the baseline distribution of smoking, hypertension and diabetes in three groups of participants aged 60+ years in the PACt-MD cohort study: MCI (n = 278), MDD (n = 95), and healthy older controls (n = 81). Generalized linear models were fitted to study the effect of CVRFs on MCI and MDD as well as neuropsychological composite scores.

Results:

A higher odds of hypertension among the MCI cohort compared to healthy controls (p < .05) was noted in unadjusted analysis. Statistical significance level was lost on adjusting for age, sex and education (p > .05). A history of hypertension was associated with lower performance in composite executive function (p < .05) and overall composite neuropsychological test score (p < .05) among a pooled cohort with MCI or MDD.

Conclusions:

This study reinforces the importance of treating modifiable CVRFs, specifically hypertension, as a means of mitigating cognitive decline in patients with at-risk cognitive conditions.

Keywords

cardiovascular diseasescognitive dysfunctionmajor depressive disorderaffective symptomsAlzheimer’s diseasedementiamild cognitive impairmentvascular risk factors
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 34 , Special Issue 6: Issue Theme: New Studies of Mild Cognitive Impairment , June 2022 , pp. 563 - 569
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2021

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Footnotes

†

Co-first authors

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