Cerebrovascular disease and stroke are related to high risk of cognitive impairment. One of the main neuropsychological features in vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia is executive dysfunction. Definition of the essential subcomponents and concepts of executive function is important before determining the methodology in clinical trials. The scientific research and new methods on this topic are rapidly growing. We present some most commonly used neuropsychological tests and discuss the methodological aspects in light of clinical trials.