United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2658-2664 United Nations Security Council Resolutions are available at: <https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/resolutions-0>
- Resolution 2658 (November 2, 2022) –
The Security Council determined that the situation in the region that was formerly Yugoslavia continues to threaten international security and peace. The Council invoked Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations and authorized member states to cooperate with the EU to establish the European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina's Operation Althea (EUFOR ALTHEA) for another twelve months. EUFOR ALTHEA is a transnational stabilization force that inherits from the Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (SFOR) “the main peace stabilization role under the military aspects” under the 1995 General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Council also extended the authorization provided under resolution 2183 (2014) to allow member states to take all necessary measures to ensure the implementation and compliance with annexes 1-A and 2 of the Peace Agreement under the enforcement of EUFOR ALTHEA and NATO. The Council further recognized EUFOR ALTHEA and NATO's right to defend themselves from attack or threat of attack in the region.
- Resolution 2659 (November 14, 2022) –
The Security Council recalled all of its previous resolutions and statements on the cycles of violence in the Central African Republic (CAR) and reaffirmed the sovereignty of CAR as having the primary responsibility to protect its citizens. It also recalled the signing of the Political Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation (APPR) in the CAR, describing it as “the only mechanism for achieving lasting peace and stability in the CAR.” The Council condemned violations of the APPR from armed groups throughout the country, including arms trafficking, illicit trade, illegal exploitation, and the trafficking of natural resources. It emphasized that sustainable solutions to the recurring cycles of violence as indicated in the APPR require a “CAR-owned” integrated regional strategy that requires strong political commitment from CAR authorities. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the Council encouraged all parties in the conflict to respect the ceasefire and implement the APPR “in good faith and without delay in order to meet the aspirations of the people of the CAR to peace, security, justice, reconciliation, inclusivity and development.” The Council condemned violations of international humanitarian law, including attacks on civilians, Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) peacekeepers, and other humanitarian actors. The Council further urged national stakeholders to ensure inclusive, free, and fair elections in 2023 carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the CAR. It also called on authorities to pursue efforts to strengthen justice institutions and encouraged them to foster dialogue with the Peacebuilding Commission to receive strategic advice. In particular, the Council extended the mandate of MINUSCA in the CAR until November 2023 to “advance a multiyear strategic vision to create the political, security and institutional conditions conducive to national reconciliation and durable peace through implementation of the APPR and the elimination of the threat posed by armed groups through a comprehensive approach and proactive and robust posture without prejudice to the basic principles of peacekeeping.”
- Resolution 2660 (November 14, 2022) –
The Security Council recalled prior resolutions and statements concerning the situation in Abyei and conflicts along the Sudanese and South Sudanese border and recognized that these situations posed a threat to international peace and security. The Council extended the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) until November 15, 2023. It urged the governments of Sudan and South Sudan to support UNIFSA in its implementation efforts and further emphasized that Abyei shall be “demilitarized from any forces, as well as armed elements of the local communities, other than UNISFA and the Abyei Police Service when it is gradually established.”
- Resolution 2661 (November 15, 2022) –
The Security Council recalled all its previous resolutions and statements regarding the situation in Somalia and decided to extend resolution 2607 (2021) until November 17, 2022. Resolution 2607 emphasized terrorist group Al-Shabaab's threat to peace and security and encouraged the Federal Government of Somalia to continue working with Somali financial authorities and the international community to address money laundering and terrorist financing risks. The resolution also reaffirmed the partial life of the arms embargo on Somalia and expanded the maritime prohibition of charcoal and weapons. It also renewed the mandate of the Panel of Experts on Somalia until December 15, 2022.
- Resolution 2662 (November 17, 2022) –
The Security Council reaffirmed all its previous resolutions and statements regarding the situation in Somalia and commended the African Union's support, the United Nations Support office for Somalia, and the Panel of Experts on Somalia. The Council urged Somalia to continue codifying and implementing management policies regarding weapons and ammunition. It also expressed support for the Federal Government of Somalia's (FGS) efforts in reconstructing the country, countering threats of terrorism, and addressing weapons trafficking. Expressing concerns about the terrorist group Al-Shabaab, the Council condemned its terrorist attacks in Somalia and neighboring states and underscored the importance of a “holistic and gender sensitive approach to counter terrorism and violent extremism.” It commended the FGS, member states, and regional organizations in suppressing piracy and crime along the Somalian coast, but expressed concerns regarding continued reports of corruption and misuse of public resources in Somalia. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the Council renewed a partial arms embargo on Somalia in order to “reduce the ability of Al-Shabaab, and other actors intent on undermining peace and security in Somalia and the region, to obtain weapons and ammunition.” It encouraged Somali authorities to cooperate and implement the National Weapons and Ammunition Management Strategy, and decided that all states shall prevent deliveries of weapons and military equipment to Somalia. Notably, the arms embargo does not apply to weapons related to military activities for the development of Somalia's security and police institutions, as well as United Nations missions and African Union missions in Somalia. It also called on the FGS to work with Somali financial authorities to address the issue of Al-Shabaab's money laundering and illicit financial networks. Furthermore, the Council reauthorized the maritime interdiction of illicit weapons imports, charcoal exports, and explosive device parts. It also renewed the mandate of the Panel of Experts on Somalia in order to facilitate cooperation with the FGS.
- Resolution 2663 (November 30, 2022) –
The Security Council reaffirmed several prior resolutions, especially resolution 1540 (2004) regarding nuclear non-proliferation, and remained gravely concerned regarding the threat of illicit trafficking in nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. It reaffirmed the need for Member States to comply fully with their obligations in relation to arms control and non-proliferation, specifically emphasizing the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The Council also recognized the work carried out by Member States presenting their national reports on the implementation of resolution 1540 to the 1540 Committee. The Committee monitors the implementation of resolution 1540 and aims to keep non-State actors from acquiring, developing, transporting, or using nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons. The Council also emphasized the importance of providing voluntary technical guidance from the 1540 Committee, as requested by Member States, in order to implement the resolution effectively, and also stressed that the committee should host dialogues with Member States. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the Council extended the mandate of the 1540 Committee for a period of 10 years until November 30, 2032. The Council decided that the 1540 Committee will conduct reviews on implementation efforts of resolution 1540 after five years and will submit a report to the Security Council prior to the renewal of its mandate.
- Resolution 2664 (December 9, 2022) –
The Security Council recalled its previous resolutions imposing sanction measures and emphasized that sanctions are an important tool under the Charter of the United Nations in the maintenance and restoration of international peace and security. The Council underscored the need for Member States to ensure measures taken to implement sanctions comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and international refugee law. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the Council decided that if there are obligations imposed on Member States to enact sanctions as designated by the Council or its Sanctions Committees, “the provision, processing or payment of funds, other financial assets, or economic resources, or the provision of goods and services necessary to ensure the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance or to support other activities that support basic human needs… are permitted and are not a violation of the asset freezes imposed by this Council or its Sanctions Committees.” This provision will apply to the 1267/1989/2253 ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida sanctions regime for a period of two years.
