1 Trattasi di normc (concernenti i reati contro le leggi e git usi delta guerru] che, per il loro contcnuto altamente etico e umamtano, hanno carattere non territoriale, ma universale… Dai la soltdarieta delle varie nazioni. intesa a lenire nel miglior modo possibilc gli orrori delta guerre, scaturisce la necessita di dettare disposizioni che non conoscano barricre, colpendo chi delinque, dovunque esso si trovi….

[I] reati contro le leggi e gli usi delta guerra non possono essere considerati delitti politici. poiche non otTendono un interesse politico di uno Stato determinate) ovvero un diritto politico di un suo cittadino. Essi invece sono reati di lesa umantta, e. come si e precedentemente dimoslrato, le norme relative hanno carattere universale, e non semplicemente territohale. Tali reati sono, di conseguenza, per ii loro oggetto giuridico e per la loro particolare natura, proprio di specie opposta e diversa da quel la dei delitti politici. Questi. di norma, interessano solo lo Stato a danno del quale sono stati commessi, quelli invece interessano tutti gli Stati civili, e vanno combattuti e repressi, come sono combattuti e repressi il reato di pirateria, la tratta delle donne e dei minori, la riduzione in schiavitu, dovunque siano stati commessi.” (art. 537 e 604 c. p.).

2 …(E]n raison de leur nature, les crimes contre rhumanité (…) ne rclevent pas settlement du droit interne francais, mais encore d'un ordrc reprcssif international auquel la notion de frontiérc et les régies extiaditionnclles qui en decouient sont tbndamenUiicment étrangércs.” (6 octobre 1983, 88 Revue Generate de Droit international public, 1984. p. 509.)

3 El FMLN procura que sus metodos de lucha cumplan con lo eslipulado per el urticulo 3 comun a los Convenios de Ginebray su Prolocolo II Adicional, lomen en consideracion las necesidades de la muyoria dc la poblacion y esten oriemados a defender sus libertade* fundamentales.”

4 The recorded vote on the resolution was 111 in favour and 0 against. After the vote was taken, however, Gabon represented ihjl it had intended to vote against the resolution. (U.N. GAOR, 23rd Sess.. 1748th Mtg.. at 7. 12, U.N.Doc. A/PV. 1748 (1968))

5 The recorded vote on the resolution was 109 in favour and 0 against, with 8 members abstaining. (U.N. GAOR. 1922 and Mtg.. at 12. U.N.Doc. AflPV.1922 (1970).)

6 Dentro de esta linea de conducta, su mayor preocupacion [de la Fucrza Armada] ha sido el mantenerse apegada eslnclainenle al cumplimiento de las disposiciones contenidas en los Convemos de Ginebra y en El Prolocolo II de dichos Convenios. ya que aun no siendo el mismo aplicable a la situacion que conlronla actualmente el pais, el Gobiemo de El Salvador acata y cumple las disposiciones contenidas endicho instrumento, por considerar que ellas eonslituyen el desarrollo y la compiementacion del Art. 3, comun a los Convenios de Ginebra del 12 de agoslo de 1949, que a su vez representa la proteccion minima que se debe al ser humano encualquier liempo y lupar.”

7 “Ebeuso wie ihre Verbtlndeten beachten Soldaten der Bundeswehr die Regeln des humanitiiren Volkerrechts bci mihUinschcn Operalionen in alien bewal'fneten Koniliktcn. gleichgtiltis welcher Art“

8 “Der Deutsche Bundestag befiirchtel. dass Berichle zutreliend sem konnten. dass die trakisehen Slreilkratte auf dem Temlonum des Iraks nuiunehr im kainpt mit kurdtschen Aulslandischen Gil'lgas eingeselzl haben Er weist mil Entschiedenheit die Aul'tassunE zuriiek. dass der Einsatz von Giftgas tin tnjiem und bei biirgerkneiisahnlicheii Auseinanderselzungen zulassig sei. well er dinrh das Genler Protokoil von 1925 nichl ausdnicklich verbolen werde of Yugoslavia, Federal Criminal Code, arts. 142-43 (1990).) (It should be noted that by a decree having force of law, of 11 April 1992, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina has adopted that Criminal Code, subject to some amendments.) (2 Official Gazette of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 98 (11 April 1992)(translation).) Furthermore, on 26 December 1978 a law was passed by the Yugoslav Parliament to implement the two Additional Protocols of 1977 (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Law of Ratification of the Geneva Protocols, Medunarodni Ugovori, at 1083 (26 December 1978)). As a result, by virtue of Article 210 of the Yugoslav Constitution, those two Protocols are “directly applicable” by the courts of Yugoslavia. (Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, art. 210.) Without any ambiguity, a Belgian law enacted on 16 June 1993 for the implementation of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the two Additional Protocols provides that Belgian courts have jurisdiction to adjudicate breaches of Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions relating to victims of non-international armed conflicts. Article 1 of this law provides that a series of “grave breaches”(infractions graves) of the four Geneva Conventions and the two Additional Protocols, listed in the same Article 1, “constitute international law crimes” (fclonslituent des crimes de droit international) within the jurisdiction of Belgian criminal courts (Article 7). (Lot de 16juin 1993 relative a la repression des infractions graves awe Conventions Internationales de Geneve dn 12 aoiit 1949 et aux Protocoles 1 el II du 8juin 1977, additionnels a ces Conventions, Moniteur Beige, (5 August 1993).)

9 1209. Schwcre Verletzungen des humanitaren Volkerrechls sind insbesondere;Stniliaton getien geschiitztc Pcrsoncn (Verwundete. krankc. Sanitiilspersonal. Militargeistlichc. kriegsgcCangene, Bewohner besemer Civrbiele. andere Zivilpersonen), wie vorsatzliche Tolung, Vcrstiimmelung. Follemng oder umnenschliche Behandlung einsthliesshch hiologischer Versuche. vorsatzliche Vemrsachung grosser Leiden, schwere Beeintrachlingung der korperlichen Intc2nlaloderGesundhett,Geiselnahme(l 3.49-51: 2 3. 50. 51; 3 3. 129. 130; 4 3. 146. 147; 5 II Abs. 2, 85 Abs. 3 Buchsl. a) ( … I Verhindenmg eines unparteiischen ordentlichen Gerichtsvertahrens (1 3 Abs. 3 Buchst. d; 3 3 Abs. Id; 5 85 Abs. 4 Buschs

9 French translation to follow