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International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes: Fedax N.V. v. the Republic of Venezuela

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

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Type
Judicial and Similar Proceedings
Information
International Legal Materials , Volume 37 , Issue 6 , November 1998 , pp. 1378 - 1390
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1998

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References

Endnotes

* This text was reproduced and reformatted from the document originally supplied by Fedax N.V.

1 “Report of the Executive Directors on the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States,” Doc. ICSID/2, 1 ICSID Reports, 1993, 23, para. 26.

2 ICSID: Documents Concerning the Origin and the Formulation of the Convention, 1968, Vol. II, at 54, 203. Hereinafter cited as Convention History.

3 Brief by the Republic of Venezuela on objections to jurisdiction, 17 January 1997, at 8.

4 Ibid., at 8-9.

5 Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969, Article 31.1, International Legal Materials, Vol. 8, 1969, 679.

6 Brief cit., supra note 3, at 5, with reference to Andres S.Suarez et al., Diccionario Económico de la Empresa, 1977, at 212.

7 Christoph Schreuer: “Commentary on the ICSID Convention,” ICSID Review — Foreign Investment Law Journal. Vol. 11, 1996, 316, at 355-358.

8 Convention History, Vol. II, at 835-837.

9 Ibid., at 1078; Carolyn B.Lamm and Abby Cohen Smutny: “The implementation of ICSID Arbitration Agreements,” ICSID Review -- Foreign Investment Law Journal, Vol. 11, 1996, 64, at 80.

10 Report cit., supra note 1, para. 27.

11 A. Broches: “The Convention on The Settlement of Investment Disputes: Some Observations on Jurisdiction,” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 5, 1966, 261-280, at 268, footnote omitted.

12 C. F. Amerasinghe: “The Jurisdiction of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes,” Indian Journal of International Law, Vol. 19, 1979, 166-227, at 181.

13 Georges R. Delaume: “ICSID and the Transnational Financial Community;” ICSID Review — Foreign Investment Law Journal, Vol. 1, 1986, 237-256, at 239-240; Ibrahim F.I. Shihata: “Towards a Greater Depoliticization of Investment Disputes: The Roles of ICSID and MIGA,” ICSID Review — Foreign Investment Law Journal, Vol. 1, 1986, 1, at 4.

14 Lamm and Smutny, loc. cit., supra note 9, at 80.

15 Convention History, Vol. II, at 261, 474.

16 Ibid., at 451.

17 Ibid., at 542.

18 Ibid., at 661.

19 Ibid., at 500.

20 Schreuer, loc. cit., supra note 7, at 357; Amerasinghe, loc. cit., supra note 12, at 181.

21 Delaume, loc. cit., supra note 13, at 242, footnote omitted.

22 Lamm and Smutny, loc. cit., supra note 9, at 80; Schreuer, loc. cit., supra note 7, at 360.

23 Schreuer, loc. cit., supra note 7, at 360; Lamm and Smutny, loc. cit., supra note 9, at 80.

24 Kaiser Bauxite Company v.Government of Jamaica, 1975, 1 ICSID Reports, 1993, 296.

25 Alcoa Minerals of Jamaica Inc. v. Government of Jamaica, 1975, Yearbook Commercial Arbitration. Vol. IV, 1979, 206.

26 Liberian Eastern Timber Corporation v. Government of the Republic of Liberia, 1984, 2 ICSID Reports, 1994, 346.

27 Société Ouest Africaine des Bétons Industriels v. State of Senegal, 1988, 2 ICSID Reports 1994, 165.

28 Holiday Inns S.A., Occidental Petroleum Corporation et al. v.Government of Morocco, Case No. ARB / 72 / 1; Schreuer, loc. cit. supra note 7, at 350-35 1, with reference to P. Lalive: “The First ‘World Bank’ Arbitration (Holiday Inns v. Morocco) — Some Legal Problems, British Year Book of International Law, Vol. 51,1980,123.

29 Amco Asia Corporation, Pan American Development Limited and P.T. Amco Indonesia v. Republic of Indonesia, 1986, 1 ICSID Reports, 1993, 509, at 527.

30 Ibid., Resubmission, 1988, 1 ICSID Reports, 1993, 543, at 565.

31 Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, 1985, International Legal Materials, Vol. 24, 1985, 1605.

32 Operational Regulations of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, 1988, as amended, ICSID Review — Foreign Investment Law Journal, Vol. 3, 1988, 360; Lamm and Smutny, loc. cit., supra note 9, at 80.

33 Operational Regulations cit., supra note 32, 370; Lamm and Smutny, loc.cit., supra note 9, at 82.

34 ICSID Additional Facility, Document ICSID/ 11, 1979.

35 Rules Governing the Additional Facility, Article 2 (b).

36 Ibid., Article 4 (4), Comment (iv).

37 Schreuer, loc. cit., supra note 7, at 368.

38 Aron Broches: “Choice-of-law provisions in contracts with governments,” in Ibid.: Selected Essays. 523-532, at 529; Delaume, loc. cit., supra note 13, 241-242.

39 Schreuer, loc. cit., supra note 7, at 372.

40 Antonio R. Parra: “The scope of new investment laws and international instruments,” in Robert Pritchard (ed.): Economic Development, Foreign Investment and the Law, 1996, 27-44, at 35-36; “ICSID and Bilateral Investment Treaties,” News from ICSID, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1985, 12-20, at 19-20.

41 Council of the European Communities: “Community position on investment protection principles in the ACP States,” ACP-CEE 2172/92, 3 November 1992, at 5.

42 See for example the Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Paraguay on Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments, 29 October 1992, in Alejandro A. Escobar: “Introductory Note on Bilateral Investment Treaties Recently Concluded by Latin American States,” ICSID Review — Foreign Investment Law Journal, Vol. 11, 1996, 86-220, at 197.

43 See, for example, the Agreement concerning the promotion and reciprocal protection of investments between Denmark and Ukraine, 23 October 1992, Article 1, as cited in Parra, loc. cit., supra note 40, at 36.

44 See for example the Agreement between the United States and Zaire of 3 August 1984, Article 1, in News from ICSID cit., supra note 40, at 20.

45 “World Bank Guidelines on the Treatment of Foreign Direct Investment,” 1991, ICSID Review — Foreign Investment Law Journal,Vol. 7, 1992, 295.

46 Parra, loc. cit., supra note 40, at 40.

47 “Report to the Development Committee on the legal framework for the treatment of foreign investments,” accompanying the Guidelines cit., supra note 45, para. 13.

48 Energy Charter Treaty, 17 December 1994, International Legal Materials, Vol. 34, 1995, 360, Article 1 (6), and comments by Parra, loc.cit., supra note 40, at 40-41.

49 Mercosur: Protocol on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments in Mercosur, Colonia, 17 January 1994, Article 1 (1); and Protocol for the promotion and protection of investments made by countries that do not belong to Mercosur, Buenos Aires, 5 August 1994, Article 2; and comments by Parra, loc. cit., supra note 40, at 40-41.

50 Parra, loc. cit., supra note 40, at 41.

51 North American Free Trade Agreement, 17 December 1992, International Legal Materials. Vol. 32, 1993, 289, 605, Article 1139, and comments by Parra, loc. cit., supra note 40, at 42.

52 For recent Latin American practice and treaties, see Escobar, loc. cit., supra note 42.

53 “Reglamento del régimen común de tratamiento a los capitales extranjeros y sobre marcas, patentes y regalias, aprobado por las Decisiones Nos. 291 y 292 de la Comisión del Acuerdo de Cartagena,” Gaceta Oficial de la República de Venezuela, 25 March 1992, Article 2.1.

54 1994 Mexico-Colombia-Venezuela Free Trade Agreement, Article 17-01, as cited in Schreuer, loc. cit., supra note 7, at 364.

55 “Acuerdo entre el Gobiemo de la República de Venezuela y el Gobiemo de Barbados para la promoción y protectión de inversiones,“ Article 1 (a) (iii), in Escobar, loc. cit., supra note 42, at 213.

56 Brief cit., supra note 3, at 6-7.

57 Parra, loc. cit., supra note 40, at 35, 40.

58 See, for example, Agreement, Preamble, para. 2, and Articles 2, 4, 7.

59 Venezuela: Lev Organica de Crédito Público, 12 August 1983, Gaceta Oficial de la República de Venezuela, 14 de Septiembre de 1983, as amended, Gaceta Legal, No. 594, 30 de Septiembre de 1983.

60 Ibid., Article 3.

61 Ibid., Article 4.

62 Ibid., Article 29.

63 Schreuer, loc. cit., supra note 7, at 372.

64 Law cit., supra note 60, Article 4(c).