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European Commission v. Italian Republic (CJEU)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2017

Melissa Pace
Melissa Pace*
Affiliation:
Trainee lawyer in Italy; LL.M. in International Economic Law, University of Edinburgh.
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Type
International Legal Documents
Information
International Legal Materials , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , August 2017 , pp. 813 - 823
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 by The American Society of International Law 

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References

ENDNOTES

1 Case C-601/14, European Commission v. Italian Republic (Eur. Ct. Justice Oct. 11, 2016) [hereinafter Judgment].

2 Council Directive 2004/80/EC of 29 April 2004 Relating to Compensation to Crime Victims, 6.8.2004 O.J. (L 261/15) [hereinafter Directive].

3 Article 12(2) of the Directive states: “All Member States shall ensure that their national rules provide for the existence of a scheme on compensation to victims of violent intentional crimes committed in their respective territories, which guarantees fair and appropriate compensation to victims.”

4 Directive, supra note 2, Recital 1.

5 Id. Recital 2, recalling Case 186/87, Ian William Cowan v. Trésor public, ¶ 17, 1989 ECR 47.

6 Directive, supra note 2, Recitals 6 and 7.

7 Case C-112/07, European Commission v. Italian Republic, ¶ 9 (Eur. Ct. Justice Nov. 29, 2007). According to Article 18(1) of the Directive, the same had to be implemented by January 1, 2006 (with the exception of Article 12(2), which had to be implemented by July 1, 2005).

8 Decreto Legislativo 6 novembre 2007, n. 204, Attuazione della direttiva 2004/80/CE relativa all'indennizzo delle vittime di reato, Italian O.J. n. 261, Nov. 9, 2007.

9 See Court of Turin, decision n. 3145, May 3, 2010, which declared that Article 12(2) of the Directive imposes an obligation on EU member states to establish an appropriate system capable of guaranteeing access to compensation to all European citizens victims of all intentional violent crimes, including Italian citizens (confirmed by the Court of Appeal of Turin, decision n. 106, Jan. 23, 2012).

10 Case C-122/13, Paola C. v. Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Request for a Preliminary Ruling (Eur. Ct. Justice Mar. 15, 2013).

11 Case C-122/13, Paola C. v. Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber), ¶¶ 13–14, 18 (Eur. Ct. Justice Jan. 30, 2014).

12 European Commission, Press Release, Brussels, Commission Refers Italy to the Court of Justice for Insufficient Rules on Compensation for Crime Victims (Oct. 16, 2014), at http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-1146_en.htm.

13 Judgment, supra note 1, ¶¶ 29–32.

14 See Case C-189/09, European Commission v. Austria, Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber), ¶¶ 15–16 (Eur. Ct. Justice July 29, 2010); Case C-502/13, European Commission v. Luxembourg, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), ¶ 56 (Eur. Ct. Justice Mar. 5, 2015).

15 Case C-601/14, European Commission v. Italian Republic, Opinion of Advocate General Bot, ¶¶ 74–75 (Eur. Ct. Justice Apr. 12, 2016) [hereinafter Opinion].

16 Judgment, supra note 1, ¶ 49. Maria Chiara Locchi, Il diritto all'indennizzo delle vittime di reato: l'Italia condannata dalla Corte di Giustizia per inadempimento della dir. 2004/80/CE [The Right of Crime Victims to Compensation: Italy Condemned for Failing to Comply with Dir. 2004/80/CE], 29 DPCE Online 119 (Apr. 5, 2017), at http://www.dpceonline.it/index.php/dpceonline/article/view/371/362.

17 Loïc Azoulai, The “Retained Powers” Formula in the Case Law of the European Court of Justice: EU as Total Law?, 2 Eur. J. Legal Stud. 192, 192–219 (2011).

18 Opinion, supra note 15, ¶ 79.

19 Martina Troglia, La Corte di Giustizia Europea dichiara l'Italia inadempiente in relazione al sistema di indennizzo delle vittime di reati intenzionali violenti [The European Court of Justice Declares Italy Defaulted on the System of Compensation for Victims of Intentional Violent Crimes], Diritto Penale Contemporaneo (Nov. 7, 2016), at http://www.penalecontemporaneo.it/d/5038-la-corte-di-giustizia-dellunione-europea-dichiara-litalia-inadempiente-in-relazione-al-sistema-di-i.