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Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi: Judgment and Sentence & Reparations Order (Int'l Crim. Ct.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2018

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
Ana Filipa Vrdoljak*
Affiliation:
Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney.
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Type
International Legal Documents
Information
International Legal Materials , Volume 57 , Issue 1 , February 2018 , pp. 17 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by The American Society of International Law 

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References

ENDNOTES

1 Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, Case No. ICC-01/12-01/15, Judgment and Sentence (Sept. 27, 2016), available at https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2016_07244.PDF [hereinafter Judgment and Sentence].

2 Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, Case No. ICC-01/12-01/15, Reparations Order (Aug. 17, 2017), available at https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2017_05117.PDF [hereinafter Reparations Order].

3 Mandat d'arrêt à l'econtre d'Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, Case No. ICC-01/12-01/15-Red (public redacted version Sept. 28, 2015), available at https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2015_18211.PDF.

4 Declaration on the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage, adopted by the UNESCO General Conference at its 32nd session, Resolution 33/32 (2003) Annex, available at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001331/133171e.pdf#page=68 [hereinafter Declaration on Intentional Destruction].

5 Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Nov. 16, 1972, entered into force Dec. 17, 1975, 1037 UNTS 151, available at https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%201037/volume-1037-i-15511-english.pdf [hereinafter World Heritage Convention].

6 See International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg), Judgment (Oct. 1, 1946) Concerning Alfred Rosenberg, 41 AJIL 172, 286–88, 332 (1947); Prosecutor v. Miodrag Jokić, No. IT-01-42/1-S, ICTY, Trial Chamber I, Judgment (Mar. 18, 2004) [hereinafter Jokić Judgment]; Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar, Case No. IT-01-42-T, ICTY, Trial Chamber II, Judgment (Jan. 31, 2005).

7 Arts. 27 and 56 of Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and Annex: Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Oct. 18, 1907, entered into force Jan. 26, 1910, 187 CTS 227, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/1d1726425f6955aec125641e0038bfd6?OpenDocument [hereinafter the 1907 Hague Regulations].

8 14 AJIL 95, 115 (1920).

9 Art. 53 of Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, Jun. 8, 1977, entered into force Dec. 17, 1978, 1125 UNTS 3, available at https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201125/volume-1125-I-17512-English.pdf [hereinafter AP I]; Art. 16 of Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts, Jun. 8, 1977, entered into force Dec. 7, 1978, 1125 UNTS 609, available at https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201125/volume-1125-I-17513-English.pdf [hereinafter AP II].

10 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, May 14, 1954, entered into force Aug. 7, 1956, 249 UNTS 240, available at https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20249/volume-249-I-3511-English.pdf [hereinafter 1954 Hague Convention]; Second Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Mar. 26, 1999, entered into force Mar. 9, 2004, 2253 UNTS 172, available at https://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=0800000280076dd2 [hereinafter Second Hague Protocol].

11 Judgment and Sentence, supra note 1, ¶ 20; Jokić Judgment, supra note 6, ¶¶ 23, 49.

12 Declaration on Intentional Destruction, supra note 4, ¶ VII.

13 Prosecutor v. Miodrag Jokić, Case No. IT-01-42, Second Amended Indictment (Aug. 23, 2003), Judgment, supra note 6, ¶ 116 (in which the Court considered his leadership an aggravating factor with mitigating facts being an admission of guilt, expression of remorse, voluntary surrender and conduct at the time of crimes and afterward). Confirmed on appeal, Judgment on Sentencing Appeal, No. IT-01-42/1-A, ICTY Appeals Chamber, (Aug. 30, 2005); Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar, Case No. IT-01-42-PT, Third Amended Indictment (Dec. 10, 2003) (for war crimes including attacks against civilians, civilian objects, and protected objects). Judgment, supra note 6, at 198. This sentence was reduced on appeal to 7½ years, Case No. IT-01-42-A, ICTY Appeals Chamber, Appeals Judgment (Jul. 17, 2008), and pardoned by Decision of the President on the Application for Pardon or Commutation of Sentence, No. IT-01-42-ES (Jan. 16, 2009).

14 It received submissions on reparations from the Prosecutor, Registry, Defence, UNESCO, Trust Fund for Victims (TFV), Legal Representative for Victims (LRV) (representing 139 applicants), and reports from three Court-appointed experts. Mali chose not to make a submission.

15 Reparations Order, supra note 1, at 11.

16 Declaration on Intentional Destruction, supra note 4, ¶ IX.

17 LRV is appealing the Sentencing Order on the grounds that individual claims for consequential economic loss are so restricted and the determination of who qualifies for such claims be made by the TFV: LRV, Brief in Support of the Appeal (in part and limited), ICC-01/12-01/15-242-Conf (Oct. 17, 2017).