Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 August 2020
In a judgment delivered on February 28, 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada held (by majority, 7–2) that Canadian common law does not contain an all-encompassing doctrine of non-justiciability based on foreign acts of state; and (by a narrower majority, 5–4) that alleged breaches of customary international law (CIL) arguably provide a novel cause of action in tort. The court held that claims against a Canadian mining corporation related to alleged violations at a mine in Eritrea could proceed to trial.
1 Government Of Canada, Doing Business the Canadian Way: A Strategy to Advance Corporate Social Responsibility in Canada's Extractive Sector Abroad (2013), https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/assets/pdfs/Enhanced_CS_Strategy_ENG.pdf.
2 Nevsun had also challenged jurisdiction on forum non conveniens grounds but this was rejected by Abrioux J at first instance and by the Court of Appeal, and not pursued before the Supreme Court.
3 Nevsun Resources Ltd v. Araya, [2020] S.C.C. 5 (Can.) [hereinafter Nevsun] ¶ 28.
4 Id. ¶ 44.
5 Belhaj and another v. Straw and others [2017] UKSC 3.
6 Nevsun, supra note 3, ¶ 45.
7 Id. ¶ 47.
8 Id. ¶ 275.
9 Id. ¶¶ 272–73.
10 Id. ¶¶ 296, 305.
11 Id. ¶ 301.
12 Id. ¶ 306.
13 Id. ¶ 310.
14 Id. ¶ 69.
15 Id. ¶ 71–72.
16 Id. ¶ 95, 90.
17 Id. ¶¶ 105–107.
18 Id. ¶¶ 117–118.
19 Id. ¶ 122.
20 Id. ¶ 124.
21 Id. ¶ 125–126.
22 Id. ¶ 129.
23 Id. ¶ 127.
24 Id. ¶ 191.
25 Id. ¶¶ 148, 169, 171.
26 Id. ¶¶ 210–211.
27 Id. ¶ 261. A similar paradox has been said to arise in England in relation to questions of jurisdiction following Altimo Holdings v. Kyrgyz Mobil Tel Ltd. [2011] UKPC 7. See Okpabi & Others v. Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd. [2018] EWCA Civ 191, per Simon LJ at ¶ 32 and the Chancellor at ¶ 182.
28 Nevsun, supra note 3, ¶ 176.
29 Id. ¶ 259.
30 Id. ¶¶ 112, 185(f), 194(3), 199, 211.
31 See e.g., Prosecutor v. Al Jadeed SAL & Karma al Khayat, STL-14-05, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal Concerning Personal Jurisdiction in Contempt Proceedings (Special Trib. Leb. Oct. 2, 2014) ¶ 67.