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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 July 2018
On November 24, 2017, the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (Court) handed down its decision on the merits in the case of Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza v. Rwanda. The case further elucidates the Court's standards on the right to a fair trial and the right to freedom of expression, in particular the latitude that should be given to political speech.
1 Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza v. Rwanda, No. 003/2014, Judgment on the Merits, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights [Afr. Ct. H.P.R.] (Nov. 24, 2017) [hereinafter Ingabire Judgment].
2 Ingabire v. Rwanda, No. 003/2014, Order on Procedure, Afr. Ct. H.P.R. (June 3, 2016).
3 Id.
4 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People's Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, June 10, 1998, OAU Doc. OAU/LEG/EXP/AFCHPRIPROT(III) [hereinafter Protocol].
5 Ingabire v. Rwanda, No. 003/2014, Ruling on Jurisdiction, Afr. Ct. H.P.R. (June 3, 2016), with corrigendum of Sept. 5, 2016.
6 Ingabire Judgment, supra note 1, ¶ 173(ix).
7 Id. ¶ 133.
8 Id. ¶¶ 135–138.
9 Id. ¶¶ 139, 141.
10 Lohé Issa Konaté v. Burkina Faso, No. 004/2013, Judgment on the Merits, Afr. Ct. H.P.R., ¶ 155 (Dec. 5, 2014).
11 Handyside v. United Kingdom, Application No. 5493/72, Eur. Ct. H.R., ¶ 49 (Dec. 7, 1976).
12 African Court, Ingabire v. Rwanda, Judgment on the Merits, ¶ 143.
13 Id. ¶¶ 151, 153, 154, 156–157.
14 Id. ¶ 155.
15 Id. ¶ 157. This version reads as follows: “[I]f we look at this memorial, it only refers to the people who died during the genocide against the Tutsis. There is another untold story with regard to the crimes against humanity committed against the Hutus. The Hutus who lost their loved ones are also suffering; they think about the loved ones who perished and are wondering ‘When will our dead ones also be remembered?’” Id. ¶ 151.
16 Id. ¶¶ 158–161.
17 Id. ¶ 162.
18 Id. ¶ 79.
19 Id. ¶ 173(viii).
20 Id. ¶¶ 84–85, 105.
21 Id. ¶ 117.
22 Id. ¶ 116.
23 Id. ¶ 96.
24 Id. ¶ 97.
25 Id. ¶ 98.
26 Id. ¶ 99.
27 Alex Thomas v. United Republic of Tanzania, No. 005/2013, Judgment on the Merits, Afr. Ct. H.P.R., ¶ 157 (Nov. 20, 2015).
28 Mohamed Abubakari v. United Republic of Tanzania, No. 007/2013, Judgment on the Merits, Afr. Ct. H.P.R., ¶ 234 (June 3, 2016).
29 Ingabire Judgment, supra note 1, ¶ 168.