Human rights — Right to property — Right to respect for home — Greek Cypriot applicant having home, property and possessions in northern Cyprus — Turkish military forces occupying northern Cyprus in August 1974 — Proclamation of “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” — Turkish military forces forcing applicant to abandon her home, property and possessions — Applicant prevented from having access to, use and enjoyment of her home, property and possessions — Applicant lodging application with European Court of Human Rights — Admissibility of case — Whether Turkey lacking jurisdiction ratione temporis and ratione loci — Whether applicant lacking victim status — Whether applicant exhausting domestic remedies — Whether domestic remedy effective or adequate — Whether examination on merits required — Loizidou v. Turkey — Cyprus v. Turkey — Whether Turkey violating Article 8 of European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 and Article 1 of Protocol No 1

State responsibility — Human rights — Applicant alleging violations of her property rights under European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Alleged violations occurring within “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” — Whether Turkey liable for alleged violations — Loizidou v. Turkey — Cyprus v. Turkey — Whether any changes since judgments adopted — Whether Turkey continuing to exercise overall military control over northern Cyprus — Whether any reasons to depart from conclusions in those cases

States — Recognition — Entity proclaimed as State — Proclamation condemned by United Nations Security Council — Entity recognized as State only by one government — Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — Whether all acts of unrecognized entity to be denied effect

Damages — Pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage — Redress for violations of rights under European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — New remedy proposed by Turkey — Whether new compensation and restitution mechanism satisfying requirements — Failure by parties to reach agreement on just satisfaction — Losses emanating from denial of access and loss of control, use and enjoyment of applicant’s property — Equitable assessment of compensation for applicant

War and armed conflict — Occupation — Turkish intervention in Cyprus in 1974 — Turkish military forces displacing Greek Cypriot applicant from her property in northern Cyprus — Applicant prevented from accessing, using and enjoying her home, property and possessions — Whether Turkey violating applicant’s rights under Article 8 of European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 and Article 1 of Protocol No 1 — Whether violation continuing — United Nations Annan Plan for re-unification of Cyprus — Rejection of Annan Plan by Greek Cypriots — Whether having legal consequences for rights of displaced persons

Human rights — State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Civil proceedings against foreign State for unfair dismissal from employment at embassy — Courts of forum State holding defendant State immune — Whether recognition of immunity involving a violation of right of access to courts — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 6

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Employment — Proceedings for unfair dismissal from employment at embassy barred by State immunity — Whether contrary to human rights

Diplomatic relations — Locally employed staff — Dismissal — Whether sending State entitled to State immunity in proceedings for unfair dismissal from employment at embassy

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Property of foreign State — Embassy premises — Meaning of “exterritoriality” — Whether local law applicable to local nationals employed in foreign embassy — The law of Austria.

Diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities of — Subordinate members of diplomatic staft — Nationals of receiving State in employment of foreign Embassy — Whether such nationals exempt from contributions to national insurance funds of receiving State — The law of Austria.

Diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities of — Official residence of diplomatic envoy — Embassy premises — Meaning of “exterritoriality” — Whether local social security laws applicable to local nationals employed in foreign embassy — The law of Austria.

Recognition of States — Nature of — Conditions of — Elements of.

Boundaries — Absence of Fixed Boundaries — Effect on Jurisdiction — Question of Recognition.

Establishment of New States — Territory of New States — Recognition — Whether Constitutive or Declaratory — Recognition de jure and de facto — Implied Recognition and Recognition by Conclusion of a Treaty — Absence of Recognition by Parent State — Importance of Fixed Boundaries for the Existence of States — The Treaty of Versailles and the Establishment of Poland — Absence of Formal Cession on the Part of Russia.

Sovereign, immunity — Foreign States and public corporations — Agricultural co-operative — Loan agreement — Action for repayment — Whether co-operative entitled to jurisdictional immunity — Acts iure imperii and iure gestionis — Whether act to be classified according to nature or purpose — The law of Italy

Environment — Maritime — Discharge of noxious waste at sea — Ministerial exemption granting permission to discharge waste in North Sea — Compatibility with Netherlands Marine Pollution Act 1975 — Exemption for mixtures containing no more than a “trace” of noxious substance — Interpretation by reference to travaux préparatoires of London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by the Dumping of Wastes, 1972 — Compatibility with Oslo Convention on Marine Pollution, 1972, Article 9 — Non-application of “informal” prior consultation procedure

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Whether possessing direct effect — Application by municipal courts — Complaint of non-application of treaty provision by contracting State — Whether justiciable by municipal courts — Complaint of non-application of agreed “informal” consultation procedure — Relevance of non-application of procedure by other contracting parties — Oslo Convention on Marine Pollution, 1972 — The law of the Netherlands

Jurisdiction — In general — Personal — Over nationals in respect of activities taking place abroad — Infringement of trademark by United States corporation operating in Panama — Jurisdiction of the United States courts — The law of the United States

International Organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Officials of — Period of Probation — Competence of Official — Evaluation of, by Administration — Control by the Court.

Arbitration — Provisional measures — Standard of jurisdiction required — Prima facie standard — Purpose to safeguard interests of parties — Whether provisional measures appropriate where loss could be compensated by monetary damages

Arbitration — Jurisdiction — Privity — Whether mutuality of consent existing — Whether treaty in force at time of claim

Arbitration — Jurisdiction — Exhaustion of local and contractual remedies — Differences between international commercial arbitration under treaty and local actions under municipal law — Whether any treaty requirement to exhaust other remedies existing

Economics, trade and finance — Investment — ASEAN Investment Agreement, 1987 — Interpretation — Interpretation of “investment” — Whether direct inward investment from another Member State — Whether investing company effectively managed from State of incorporation — Presumption against loss of treaty protection — Whether investment approved in writing and registered

Treaties — Interpretation — ASEAN Framework Agreement, 1998 — Interpretation of “ASEAN investment” — Relation to 1987 Agreement — Whether intending to amend earlier treaty or operate cumulatively — Whether concepts of investment distinct — Relevance of State practice in ASEAN — Object and purpose of treaty

Territory — Occupation of Foreign Territory in Time of Peace Pending a Plebiscite — The Law Applicable in the Occupied Territory — Tacna-Arica.

Warfare at Sea — Killing of Survivors of Torpedoed Enemy Merchant Vessel — Defence of Superior Orders — Operational Necessity.

Laws of War — Binding Force of — Plea of Necessity — Operational Necessity in Warfare at Sea — Killing of Survivors of Torpedoed Enemy Merchant-Vessel — War Crimes — Defence of Superior Orders.

Warfare at Sea — Visit and Search — Deviation into Port.

Contraband — Postal Correspondence.

Prize Law — Exemptions from Capture — Postal Correspondence — Nature and Limits of Inviolability — Documents of Credit — Payment to or by Enemy — Liability to Condemnation — Value to Captor — Irrelevance of.

Nationality — Married Women — Loss of Nationality on Marriage to Alien — Dissolution of Marriage by Papal Dispensation

State immunity — State corporation — Independent legal personality — Whether entitled to State immunity — Whether immunity can be invoked by third party acting on behalf of foreign State corporation — Whether property subject to attachment — The law of Switzerland

War and armed conflict — Nuclear weapons — Whether possession and deployment of nuclear weapons contrary to international law — Damage to property used in connection with deployment of nuclear weapons — Whether damage would be justified if deployment of nuclear weapons unlawful under international law

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Customary international law — Customary international law forming part of the law of England — Whether customary international law capable of providing defence in criminal prosecution — The law of England

British Dominions — Treaty-Making Power — Canada — Power to Implement Treaties in Matters not Expressly Reserved to the Federation.

Extradition — Procedure of — Request for Surrender of Convicted Criminal — Application for Provisional Release.

Aliens — Deportation of — Immigrant Convicted of Crime — Service of Deportation Order Without Previous Notice Thereof — Whether Order Invalid through Operation of audi alteram partem Rule — The Law of South Africa

International Court of Justice — Procedure of — Interpretation of Judgments of the Court — Conditions for Request for — Article 60 of the Statute.

International organizations — Personality — Concept of international legal personality — Rights of organization against members — Whether justiciable in a municipal court — Whether creditor entitled to the appointment of a receiver by way of equitable execution over assets of organization — Assets of organization said to include right of organization to be indemnified by its members — Sixth International Tin Agreement, 1982 — International Tin Council-United Kingdom Headquarters Agreement, 1972 — International Tin Council (Immunities and Privileges) Order 1972

Relationship between international law and municipal law — Treaties — Application — By municipal courts — Whether rights and duties of parties to treaty establishing international organization justiciable in the courts of a State party to the treaty — The law of England