Consuls — Appointment and exequatur — Appointment by sending State — Refusal of receiving State to grant exequatur — Appointee citizen of receiving State — Whether appointee entitled to claim exequatur from receiving State — The law of Germany.

Arbitration — Jurisdiction — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — General Declaration, Principle B — Interpretation of reference to “Majlis position” — Whether obligation to submit disputes to arbitration should be restrictively construed — Restrictions on capacity of representatives of Iran to bind Iran to Algiers Declarations

Arbitration — Procedure — Preliminary hearing on jurisdiction — Requirement that respondents should have adequate time in which to prepare their case — Allegations that tribunal and its chairman displayed bias

International tribunals — Iran-United States Claims Tribunal — Jurisdiction — Procedure

Treaties — Validity — Specific restrictions upon competence of a State’s representatives — Requirement of prior notification — Whether notoriety of national law restrictions constitutes sufficient notification — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969, Article 47 — Treaty obligation contrary to rule of national law of fundamental importance — Vienna Convention, Article 46

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States — Immunity of property of a foreign State from attachment to found jurisdiction — Diplomatic Privileges Act 1951 — The law of South Africa

Nationality — Acquisition of — Reinstatement in French Nationality of Inhabitants of Alsace-Lorraine — Application of § 1 of Annex to Section V of Part III of the Treaty of Versailles.

The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 5(1) — Detention of mentally ill person — Section 66, Mental Health Act 1959 — Recall after conditional discharge — Whether an unjustifiable deprivation of liberty — Review of legality of detention — Habeas corpus — Other available procedures for review — Whether able to secure enjoyment of right guaranteed by Article 5 (4) — Right to prompt and adequate statement of grounds of detention under Article 5 (2) — Whether aspect of complaint under Article 5 (4)

Interest — Whether to be Awarded in the Absence of Express Treaty Provisions — Meaning of the Expression “Just and Adequate Compensation.”

Human rights — Liberty of the person — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 5 — Territorial scope of the Convention — Detention of suspected insurgents by British forces during conflict in Afghanistan — Whether Convention applicable — Whether detention justified by Security Council resolutions — Whether detention justified by international humanitarian law

International organizations — United Nations — Security Council — Multinational force authorized by the Security Council — Afghanistan — International Security Assistance Force (“ISAF”) — Scope of mandate — Whether authorized to detain suspects and for how long — Whether actions of British forces in ISAF attributable to the United Kingdom or the United Nations

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Act of State — Different doctrines of act of State — Act of foreign State — Crown act of State — Whether Crown act of State precluding justiciability of claim — Whether Crown act of State a defence to action in tort for acts performed pursuant to lawful government policy — Detention of suspected insurgents by British forces during conflict in Afghanistan — Action for damages in tort — Proper law the law of Afghanistan — Whether Crown act of State a defence — Whether Crown act of State applicable to claim under the Human Rights Act 1998

War and armed conflict — Non-international armed conflicts — International humanitarian law — Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions, 1949 — Additional Protocol II, 1977 — Whether authorizing detention of suspected combatants — Relationship between international humanitarian law and international human rights law — The law of England

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Foreign State trading enterprise as plaintiff in action on contract — Counter-claim for affirmative relief arising out of same transaction — Non-governmental nature of transaction — Implied waiver of immunity through initiation of action — The law of the United States of America.

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Conduct of foreign relations — Role of the Executive and the courts — Assurances given by the United States Executive to the Senate prior to ratification of treaty — Whether binding — Treaties — Whether creating rights in individuals

Treaties — Process of ratification — Role of legislature — Assurances given by the United States Executive to the Senate prior to ratification — Whether binding — Whether treaty confers rights upon individuals — The law of the United States

Consuls — Functions of — Competence of Assistant Consul in regard to Extradition.

Extradition — Conditions of — Liberal Construction of Requirement of Evidence of Criminality — Consuls — Competence of Assistant Consul-General to make Request for Extradition.

Arbitration — Arbitration tribunal — Members of tribunal — Requirement of impartiality and independence — Whether ex parte communications between arbitrator and party agent violating arbitration agreement

Arbitration — Jurisdiction — Competence of arbitration tribunal to rule on objections to jurisdiction — Whether breach of arbitration agreement ground to terminate agreement — Definition of material breach — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — Whether attempt to terminate the treaty for material breach depriving arbitration tribunal of jurisdiction — Article 65 — Whether conduct in breach of arbitration agreement repudiating or frustrating object or purpose of arbitration agreement — Whether measures taken by arbitration tribunal ensuring procedural fairness

General principles of international law — Compétence de la compétence — Challenges to jurisdiction of arbitration tribunal — Whether tribunal having power to decide on challenges to its own jurisdiction — Jurisdiction of arbitration tribunal to rule on validity of termination of arbitration agreement

Sea — Law of the sea — Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 1958 — Status of bay as internal waters — Definition of “closing line” of a juridical bay — Article 7 — No requirement to publish chart indicating closing line or to give publicity to baselines

Sea — Law of the sea — United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 — Delimitation of territorial sea — Article 15 — Equidistance line subject to special circumstances — Whether difference in lengths of coastal fronts or whether coastal configuration exacerbating “boxed-in condition” special circumstance requiring adjustment of equidistance line

Sea — Maritime boundaries — Delimitation — Dispute settlement — Arbitration agreement — Use of word “junction” — Ordinary meaning of word — Regime to ensure unimpeded access between Slovenia’s territorial sea and the high seas or exclusive economic zones of other States in accordance with international law, equity and principle of good neighbourly relations — Freedom of movement within “junction area” not subject to requirements applicable to innocent passage or transit passage — No right of Slovenia to exploit living or non-living marine resources within junction area — Requirement that parties exercise rights and obligations within junction area in good faith and in accordance with duty of cooperation

State responsibility — Ex parte communication between arbitrator and party agent — Breach of arbitration agreement — Whether conduct of party agent attributable to State

State succession — Law of the sea — Whether internal waters of a single State retaining that status upon dissolution of that State

Territory — Determination of land boundary — Uti possidetis — Whether internal boundaries prior to independence constituting present-day land boundary between the parties — Presumption that aligned cadastral limits from pre-independence period constituting present-day land boundary — Whether other formal evidence of title establishing boundary if cadastral limits disputed or not aligned — Whether effectivités sufficient to override evidence of aligned cadastral limits or other formal evidence of title — Reliance on effectivités only in absence of other pre-independence evidence — Whether preferences of local population relevant to determination of land boundary

Territory — Internal waters — Delimitation of juridical bay — Application of uti possidetis principle — No formal division of bay prior to independence of the parties — Delimitation of bay subject to evidence of effectivités — Whether special regime for usage of bay required

Treaties — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — Notice of termination of a treaty — Articles 60 and 65 — Requirement of material breach — Whether breach constituting repudiation of a treaty or frustrating its object and purpose

Consuls — Position of — In General — Nature of Exequatur — Whether Source or Evidence of Consular Authority.

Nationality — Expatriation — Minor Children of Soviet Father Returning to Soviet Armenia from United States — Necessity of Ensuring Free Choice

Extradition — In General — Extradition from Country Having Concurrent Jurisdiction — Locality of the Crime — Place of Causation and Place of Effect.

Belligerent Occupation — Changes in the Judicial Organization of the Occupied Country — Maintenance in Force of Substantive Law — Article 43 of the Regulations on Land Warfare of 1907 — Validity of Ordinances of the Occupant.

State immunity — Head of State — Scope of immunity from criminal jurisdiction — Whether absolute — Whether differing from scope of immunity from civil jurisdiction — Waiver — Conditions — Rules of customary international law — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 32 — Application to head of State by analogy

State immunity — Head of State — Former head of State — Whether entitled to immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of courts in other States — Whether immunity subsisting in relation to acts performed in exercise of functions — Rules of customary international law — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 39 — Application to head of State by analogy — The law of Switzerland

Military Occupation — Judgments of Courts Set Up by the Occupant — Incompatibility with Constitutional Laws.

State Succession — Succession to Obligations — Concessionary Rights.

War — Effects of Outbreak of — Upon Treaties.

International Law and Municipal Law — Municipal Legislation in Breach of International Law — Interpretation of Statutes — Powers of Delegated Legislation — Aliens — Resident “Allied Nationals.” — Compulsory Military Service.

Aliens — Position of — Allied Nationals Resident in Foreign Country — Compulsory Military Service in Time of War — International Law and Municipal Law — Interpretation of Statutes — Limit of Powers of Delegated Legislation — Municipal Legislation in Breach of International Law — The Nature of International Law — Individuals and International Law.