Treaties — Operation of — Executive Agreements — Executive Agreement Contravening Previous Statute — Unenforceability in Municipal Court — The Law of the United States of America.

State territory — In general — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Occupation — Prescription — Acts of sovereignty as basis for claim to sovereignty in derogation of title established by treaty — Effective, notorious and peaceful possession — Possession in good faith and animus domini — Principle of uti possidetis — Plots of frontier land — Boundary Convention between Belgium and the Netherlands, 1843 — Subsequent acts by Netherlands authorities — Relevance of routine and administrative nature of acts — Relevance of absence of protest by Belgium Government.

Treaties — Operation of — Conditions of validity of — Mistake — Effect of — Whether affecting validity of treaty as a whole or only of provision containing error — Burden of proof — Evidence required — Effect of express proviso relating to errors — Comparison of texts of documents relating to same subject — matter — Possibility of error in copying — Relevance of intention of Parties to treaty — Relevance of surrounding circumstances — Effect of failure to challenge relevant treaty provision by Party now seeking to plead mistake — Relevance of length of time treaty in existence and unchallenged — Effect of uncertainty and unresolved discrepancy — Effective and peaceful possession of dispute territory as supplementary evidence of mistake — Boundary Convention, 1843, between Belgium and the Netherlands.

Treaties — Conclusion of — Ratification — Effect of unratified treaty — Treaty ceding land — Whether evidence that title to land is in ceding State — Effect of admission made in course of negotiation.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Rules of — Boundary Convention — Examination of minutes of boundary commission — Belgian — Netherlands Boundary Convention, 1843.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Boundary Convention — Interpretation of — Mixed Boundary Commission set up by Convention — Authority of Commission to delimit territory — Effect of resolution of Commission — Reference in Boundary Convention to earlier Treaty between same Parties — Two Treaties read together — Common intention of Parties — Boundary Convention between Belgium and the Netherlands, 1834 — Treaty of London determining boundaries between Belgium and the Netherlands, 1839.

Arbitration — Evidence — Documentary evidence — Communal Minute in nature of treaty — Effect of non — production of copy by one Party — Authority of only existing copy — Discrepancy between texts of two Minutes — Original text and transcribed text — Which must prevail.

Disputes — Negotiation — Proposals made in course of — No agreement reached — Evidentiary value of proposals in later dispute between same Parties — Admission made during negotiations — Whether Party making admission may later challenge it.

State territory — Parts of — Boundaries — Land boundaries — Determination of — Enclosed areas — Operation of boundary convention — Principle of uti possidetis — Relevance of maps — Examination of work of boundary commission — Belgian-Netherlands Boundary Convention, 1843.

International Court of Justice — Contentious Jurisdiction — Procedure — Intervention — Article 63 of the Statute.

International Court of Justice — Judgments of — Execution of.

Diplomatic Intercourse — Legation Buildings — Asylum in — Termination of Asylum Illegally Granted — Whether Implying Duty to Surrender Person Seeking Asylum — Execution of Judgments of the International Court of Justice — Right of Intervention — Article 63 of the Statute of the Court.

Sovereign immunity — Foreign States — Order for security for costs against foreign State — Whether Foreign State entitled to immunity — Whether such order a measure of execution — Immunity from execution — Whether sovereign nature of act or claim relevant — The law of Switzerland

State responsibility — For breaches of treaty obligations — European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 — Individual applications — Exhaustion of local remedies — Appeal open — Relevance of absence of prospect of success — Relevance of existence of alternative remedy — Duty to lodge claims within reasonable time

Treaties — Conclusion of — Entry into force — Applicability to events occurring before entry into force — Principle that treaties have no retrospective effect — Continuing nature of unlawful act — European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles of — Grammatical interpretation — Restrictive interpretation of exceptions — Consideration of preparatory work — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950.

The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention for Protection of — European Human Rights Commission — Individual applications — Right of individual to reside in his own country — Freedom of expression — Retroactivity of penal legislation — Competence ratione temporis — Continuing violations — Compatibility of existing legislation with provisions of Convention — Exhaustion of local remedies — Concept of ordinary remedy — Insufficient remedy — Six months' period for application to Commission — Retroactive interpretation — Meaning of term “manifestly ill-founded” — Concept of prima facie violation — Limited power of Commission to examine substance in deciding admissibility.

Sea — Continental shelf Offshore — mineral rights — Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958 — Rights of coastal States to explore and exploit the continental shelf — Whether such rights giving rise to proprietary rights in municipal law — Right of Newfoundland to mineral and other natural resources offshore Newfoundland — Whether proprietary rights — Whether acquisition of such rights under municipal law — Newfoundland entering into Confederation — Whether federal or provincial property and jurisdiction — Date at which rights respecting the continental shelf came into existence

Sea — Territorial sea — Rights of coastal State to exploit natural resources — Position of Newfoundland as part of Canada — Whether offshore rights vest in federal or provincial government — Relevance of original status of Newfoundland as a self-governing dominion

States — Dominions of the British Commonwealth — Newfoundland — Whether possessing sovereign rights over territorial sea — Commission for Government of Newfoundland between 1933 and 1949 — Accession to Canada in 1949 — The law of Canada

Treaties — Operation of — Necessity for municipal legislation — Ankole Agreement, 1901, between British Crown and African Ruler in Uganda Protectorate — Whether municipal legislation in conflict with Ankole Agreement — The law of Uganda.

Sovereign immunity — Property of foreign State-owned corporations — National Iranian Oil Company — Revenues from oil sales — Bank balances — Immunity from attachment — Whether such funds to be treated as property of foreign State or of State-owned corporation — Whether balances immune from attachment in interim proceedings concerning acts iure gestionis of State-owned corporation — Whether fact that funds destined according to foreign law for transfer to account of foreign State at its central bank to finance State budget is relevant — Whether any distinction to be made between immunity from execution and immunity from attachment — Whether admissibility of attachment measures depends upon factual connection between claim being secured and assets being attached — Whether funds allocated for sovereign or non-sovereign purposes — Whether funds of foreign State held in account at its central bank which serve to cover State budgetary expenditure are automatically to be classified as allocated for sovereign purposes — Whether classification of funds to be made according to international or municipal law — Whether classification of funds made by foreign State is decisive — Relevance of classification in foreign State as financial assets — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Economics, trade and finance — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade — Anti-dumping measure — Subsidies and Countervailing Duties Agreement — Concept of dumping — Whether causal connection between subsidised imports and damage to domestic producers required — Whether sufficient that damage caused by general subsidy programme

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Implementation by statute — Reference to treaty as aid to interpretation of statute — Duty of court, where possible, to construe statute in accordance with treaty — Whether court entitled to disregard plain words of statute — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade — Implementing legislation in Canada

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Implementing legislation — Interpretation — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade — Subsidies and Countervailing Duties Agreement — Implementing legislation in Canada — The law of Canada

International Organization — Specialized Agencies — International Monetary Fund — Articles of Agreement of — Regulation of Currency and International Exchange — Recognition of Such Regulation by Other States — International Recognition of Exchange Control Regulations — Effect of Membership in International Monetary Fund — Laws of Member Country as Governing Law under Private International Law of the Forum.

Legislative Measures of Occupying Power—German Order of 8 August, 1918—Validity—Article 43 of the Regulations annexed to Hague Convention No. IV of 1907.

Jurisdiction — Executive — Search and seizure — Search of foreign vessel on the high seas — Consent of flag State obtained prior to search — Discovery of drugs — Whether search contrary to international law — Application of United States Constitution to search conducted by United States authorities on the high seas — Prescriptive jurisdiction — Presumption that statutes not intended to have extraterritorial effect — Foreign nationals on board foreign ship in international waters charged with possession of drugs under United States law — Whether United States possessing jurisdiction under international law — Protective principle of jurisdiction

Sea — High seas — Jurisdiction — Power of United States authorities to search United Kingdom vessel on high seas — 1981 Agreement between United Kingdom and United States regarding search of vessels suspected of carrying drugs — United States obtaining consent of United Kingdom prior to search

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Whether conferring rights upon individuals — 1981 Agreement between United Kingdom and United States regarding search of vessels suspected of carrying drugs — Allegation by defendants in trial in United States that search did not comply with requirements of Agreement — Whether Agreement conferring rights upon individuals — Whether defendants possessing locus standi to challenge search for noncompliance with Agreement — The law of the United States

Arbitration — Enforcement of award — Award rendered abroad — Action for enforcement in municipal courts — New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 1958, Articles IV and V — Conditions for refusal of enforcement — Burden of proof — Pending action for annulment of award before courts of country where award rendered — Whether award to be regarded as set aside or suspended — The law of the Netherlands

State responsibility — Acts and omissions of State organs and officials — Executive action — Iran-Iraq war — United States naval vessels protecting shipping in Persian Gulf — Iranian civil airliner destroyed by United States naval vessel — Action for damages — Whether United States liable for conduct of its armed forces during military conflict — Federal Tort Claims Act

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Conduct of foreign relations — Relationship between powers of United States courts, Congress and Executive — Deployment of United States naval vessels in Persian Gulf during Iran-Iraq war — Iranian civil airliner destroyed by United States naval vessel — Whether United States liable for conduct of its armed forces during military conflict — Whether raising justiciable question — Political question doctrine

War and armed conflict — War — Definition — Whether formal declaration of war necessary for armed conflict to constitute a war — The law of the United States

State Succession — Continuation of Laws — Succession to Rights — Respect of Private Rights — The State of Arizona and Mexican Law

Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Grounds for withdrawal — Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 1(F) (b) — Commission of serious non-political crime outside country of refuge — Circumstances under which refugee status may be withdrawn — Re-examination of refugee's position — Whether a matter for courts or executive

Extradition — Refugees — Non refoulement — Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 33 — Whether prohibiting extradition of political refugees to their country of origin — Whether any general principle of refugee law prohibiting extradition of refugee to country of persecution — Whether such principle subject to any exceptions — Scope of national security exception under Article 33(2) of Convention

Sources of international law — General principles of law — Refugee law — Whether any general principle prohibiting extradition of refugees to their country of origin — The law of France

Aliens — Expulsion of — Procedure — Deportation order — Seaman remaining in Canada after departure of ship — Refusal to answer any questions at inquiry — Whether entitled to protection against self-incrimination — The law of Canada.

Aliens — Expulsion of Aliens — In Cases of Claim to Citizenship — Procedure.

Economics, trade and finance — Anti-dumping duties — Purpose — Whether measures imposed upon a State or States — Duties imposed on specified products from a particular area — Subsequent changes in the political organization of that area — Anti-dumping duties imposed by European Coal and Steel Community on imports from Yugoslavia — Duties imposed in 1988 — Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia subsequently splitting into five States — Whether duties applicable to imports from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

State succession — Dissolution of State — Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — Dissolution into five successor States — Consequences — Public international law principles regarding the succession of States — Whether relevant to question of application of anti-dumping duties to products originating in one of the successor States — The law of the European Community

The individual in international law — Miscellaneous — Refugees — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Application for recognition of refugee status — Article 1 F (c) of the Convention — Exclusion of application of Conventionto persons suspected of acting contrary to purposes and principles of the United Nations — The law of Austria

The individual in international law — In general — Position of individuals in international law — Human rights and freedoms — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 1 F (c) — Exclusion of application of Convention to persons suspected of acting contrary to purposes and principles of the United Nations — Whether Convention requires conduct of individuals to conform to principles of United Nations Charter — The law of Austria