Arbitration — Arbitration agreement — Function of arbitral tribunal — Boundary dispute — Whether tribunal's task one of demarcation of existing boundary or delimitation — Law applicable to arbitration

Arbitration — Concept of arbitration — Distinction between arbitration and political settlement — Boundary dispute — Dependent States — Trucial States — Reference of dispute to British official — Consent of Rulers of the Trucial States — Whether obtained by coercion — Whether decision of official based upon law — Whether decision of official legally binding upon successor States

Territory — Boundaries — Land boundaries — Arbitration of boundary dispute — Critical date — Acquisition of title — Prescription — Protest — Desert areas — Allegiance of tribes — Exercise of jurisdiction — Significance in establishing title to territory

Sea — Maritime boundaries — Delimitation — Adjacent States — Equity — Harbour works — Use as part of base lines — Equidistance method — Special circumstances — Islands — Whether island should be given half effect — Effect of island's entitlement to a territorial sea

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Taxation of Aliens — “Due Process of Law.”

British Commonwealth of Nations — Whether Court in One Dominion has Power to Order Transfer of a Suit to a Court in Another Dominion — Indian Independence — Effect of.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Acquisition of — Conditions of — Whether lack of religious belief ground for refusal to grant citizenship — The law of Canada.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Most — favoured — nation clause — Effect of clause upon duty of forum to recognise status of adopted child conferred upon alien by foreign law — Public policy of forum — Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Greece and United States, 1951 — The law of the United States of America.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Greece and United States, 1951 — “Most-favoured-nation” clause — Effect of clause upon duty of forum to recognize status of adopted child conferred upon alien by foreign law — Public policy of forum — The law of the United States of America.

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, 1994 (“TRIPS Agreement”) — India’s obligations under TRIPS Agreement — Compatibility with Indian patent law — Changes in Indian patent law — Patent Act — Legislative history — Patent Act 1970 amended in 2005 — Interpretation — Section 3(d) of Patent Act — Whether drug of pharmaceutical company having enhanced efficacy — Whether pharmaceutical company could patent drug — Whether drug satisfying test of patentability or invention under Patent Act — Whether Section 3(d) of Patent Act applicable

Treaties — Application — TRIPS Agreement — Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health 2001 — India’s treaty obligations — International developments impacting on Indian patent regime — Changes to Indian patent law — Patent Act 1970 amended in 2005 — Section 3(d) of Patent Act — Whether applicable — Whether pharmaceutical company could patent drug — Whether drug satisfying test of patentability or invention under Patent Act — Whether drug having enhanced efficacy — Whether Section 3(d) of Patent Act applicable

Economics, trade and finance — Intellectual property rights — World Trade Organization rules on intellectual property — TRIPS Agreement — Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health 2001 — Harmonization of Indian patent law — Indian Patent Act 1970 as amended in 2005 — Patent protection for pharmaceutical products — Whether pharmaceutical company could patent drug — Whether drug satisfying test of patentability or invention under Patent Act — Whether Section 3(d) of Patent Act applicable

Human rights — Right to health care — Public health concerns — TRIPS Agreement — Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health 2001 — Indian Patent Act — Whether meeting public health concerns — Whether pharmaceutical company could patent drug — Whether drug satisfying test of patentability or invention under Patent Act — Whether Section 3(d) of Patent Act applicable — The law of India

Recognition — Effects of Non-Recognition — Holland and the Soviet Government — Liquidation of Russian Insurance Companies — Legality of Acts of Liquidator Outside Russia — Legislation Emanating from Unrecognised Government — Interpretation of Measures Contrary to Public Order — Extraterritorial Effects of Russian Legislation.

Permanent Court of International Justice — Rules of — Change in Submissions — Alteration of the Character of the Dispute — Article 40 of the Statute and Article 32, paragraph 2, of the Rules.

Permanent Court of International Justice — Request for Changes in the Existing Legal Situation — Request for Instruction to the Parties to Engage in Negotiations with that Object in View — Changes of Submissions in the Course of Legal Proceedings — Article 40 of the Statute and Article 32, paragraph 2, of the Rules.

British Commonwealth — Independent Members of — Pakistan Federation — Whether Entitled to Immunity from Jurisdiction of English Municipal Court.

Jurisdiction — Immunity from — Foreign States — Pakistan Federation — Contract Expressly Submitting to Jurisdiction — Immunity in relation to Commercial Contract.

Environment — Conservation of natural heritage — UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972 — World Heritage List — Criteria for properties to be included — Obligation of States to identify and protect such properties — Exploration for minerals in northern Australia — Government decision to establish a “national park” — Government seeking inclusion of Stage 2 of park in World Heritage List — Whether affecting mining interests — Whether decision reviewable — World Heritage Properties Conservation Act 1983 (Commonwealth) — National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Amendment Act 1987 (Commonwealth)

Treaties — Treaty-making power of States — UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972 — Government of Australia acting to include property on World Heritage List — Mining interests in Northern Territory affected by decision — Whether exercise of treaty-making power prerogative of the Crown — Whether decision justiciable — World Heritage Properties Conservation Act 1983 (Commonwealth) — National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Amendment Act 1987 (Commonwealth) — The law of Australia

British Commonwealth of Nations — Relationship of Irish Free State and Great Britain — Legislative Competence of Irish Free State — Treaty of 1921 — Abrogation of Treaty by Inconsistent Legislation — Irish Free State Agreement Act, 1922 — Colonial Laws Validity Act, 1865 — Statute of Westminster, 1931 — Right of Appeal to His Majesty in Council

The individual in international law — Extradition — In general — Quantum of evidence necessary for allowing extradition — Test of evidence sufficient to put fugitive on trial — Decision of the extradition judge on the weight of the evidence — Whether and when reviewable — Limits of the review — The law of Canada

International Canals — Suez Canal — Constantinople Convention, 1888 — Article tO — Measures Necessary for Safety and Defence of Egypt — Seizure of Goods which Strengthen War Effort of a Country at War with Egypt — The Law of Egypt — Egypt and Israel.

Contraband — Conception of — Goods Consigned to Enemy Territory — Goods which Strengthen War Effort of Enemy — Seizure at Suez — Constantinople Convention, 1888 — The Law of Egypt — Egypt and Israel

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Conduct of foreign relations — Power to declare war — United States Constitution granting Congress the power to declare war — Deployment of United States forces following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait — Whether President entitled to order military operations against Iraq without prior congressional declaration of war — Whether justiciable question — Political question doctrine

International organizations — United Nations — Security Council — Powers under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations — Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait

War and armed conflict — War — Definition — Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait — Threat of military action by the United States — Whether military operations by United States forces against Iraq would constitute war — United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) — The law of the United States

Dependent States — The Philippines — Prior to Independence — Relationship to United States — Foreign Country vis-à-vis United States — Vessels Flying Philippine Flag — Exemption from Income Taxation by United States of Earnings of Such Vessels — The Law of the United States of America

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — In foreign relations — Slovakia — Establishment in 1939 — Whether a sovereign independent State — Whether responsible under international law for the diplomatic protection of its nationals abroad — Germany — Slovakia Treaty of Protection, 1939 — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Nationality — Acquisition of — Nationality as affected by change of sovereignty — Germany Slovakia Treaty of Protection, 1939 — Whether acquisition of Slovak nationality under treaty compatible with international law — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Nationality — As determining the right of protection of citizens abroad — Germany Slovakia Treaty of Protection, 1939 — Whether retroactive acquisition of Slovak nationality under treaty compatible with international law — Whether German Reich or Slovakia under duty to provide diplomatic protection to Slovak nationals abroad — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

War and neutrality — War in general — Enforcement of the laws of war — Compensation and reparation — Person of Jewish descent and German ethnic origin — Emigration from Slovakia to Italy to avoid Nazi persecution — Internment by Italy during Second World War — Whether entitled to compensation from Federal Republic of Germany — Entitlement dependant on loss of German nationality and diplomatic protection of German Reich — Effect of change of sovereignty on nationality — Germany-Slovakia Treaty of Protection, 1939 — Whether retroactive acquisition of Slovak nationality under treaty compatible with international law — Whether German Reich or Slovakia under duty to provide protection to Slovak nationals abroad — Lack of independence of Slovakia — Whether occupying power in wartime under duty to provide protection to nationals of occupied territory abroad — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Jurisdiction — Immunity of Foreign Sovereign State — Implied Waiver — Institution by State of Proceedings Before Another Municipal Tribunal — Set-Off

Human rights — Fair trial — Right to have witnesses examined — Conduct of trial — Delay — Appeal taking nearly two years — Delay of nearly four years between decision of the Court of Appeal and written statement of reasons for decision — Inhuman or degrading treatment — Death penalty — “Death row” phenomenon — Prolonged judicial proceedings for men under sentence of death — Whether constituting inhuman or degrading treatment — Stay of execution not notified to convicted persons until shortly before execution due to take place — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Articles 7 and 14

International tribunals — Procedure — United Nations Human Rights Committee — Interim measures of protection — Request that execution not be carried out — Exhaustion of domestic remedies — Whether requirement to pursue appeal with little chance of success

Human rights — Right to fair trial — African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 1981, Article 7 — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 14 — Right to legal aid and representation — Right to equal protection of the law — Whether judgment should be pronounced in open court — Right to consideration of defence evidence — Right to consideration of alleged conflict of interests of prosecutor — Whether sentence entailed a retrospective application of the law

International tribunals — African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights — Jurisdiction — Subject-matter jurisdiction — Whether Court having jurisdiction to hear the application — Admissibility — Whether application admissible

States as international persons — Composite and dependent States and territories — Mandated and Trust Territories — Rights and duties of Administering Authority — French Cameroons — Trusteeship Agreement giving France full powers of jurisdiction — General Assembly Resolution terminating Trusteeship Agreement — Whether French Conseil d'État retained jurisdiction in respect of administrative decisions of French authorities taken before trusteeship terminated — The law of France.