Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — European Economic Community Treaty, 1957 — Article 12 — Direct effect — Whether Treaty conferring rights on individuals — Whether rights of individuals can be protected in national courts — Supremacy of Community law over conflicting national legislation — New legal order — Member States relinquishing sovereign rights in limited spheres

Economics, trade and finance — European Communities — Customs duties — Interpretation of Article 12 of EEC Treaty, 1957 — Increase in duty after entry into force of EEC Treaty, due to reclassification of product — Whether illegal increase contravening Article 12

International organizations — Whether EEC an international organization — EEC Treaty, 1957, founding Community — Aim of Treaty to create common market — Citizens of Member States intended to benefit from creation of common market — Individuals also intended to benefit from legal rights inherited from EEC Treaty, 1957

International tribunals — Court of Justice of the European Communities — Jurisdiction to interpret EEC Treaty, 1957 — Netherlands administrative tribunal asking Court of Justice to interpret Article 12 — Whether within jurisdiction of Court of Justice of the European Communities

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Enforcement by municipal courts — EEC Treaty, 1957 — Whether conferring rights upon individuals — The law of the European Economic Community