Human rights — Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sex — Right to private and family life — Armed forces — Parental leave — Female military personnel parental leave entitlement not extending to male military personnel — Whether refusal to grant applicant parental leave amounting to discrimination on grounds of sex — Gender stereotypes — Right of individual petition — Russian Government raising preliminary objections — Whether Russia violating Article 14 taken in conjunction with Article 8, and Article 34, of European Convention on Human Rights, 1950

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Russian law — Entitlement to parental leave — Difference in treatment between military servicemen and servicewomen — Whether special circumstances for human rights — Whether safeguarding standards of protection under Convention of interest for other States Parties to Convention — Importance of issues raised — Gender stereotyping — National security