International organizations — United Nations — Subsidiary body — Immunity — Nature of immunity — Absolute immunity — Whether United Nations expressly waiving immunity — Whether absolute immunity dependent on provision of mode of settlement for claims — Convention on Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946, Articles II(2) and VIII(29a) — United Nations Charter, 1945, Article 105

Treaties — Effect — Interpretation — Convention on Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946 — Whether self-executing — Whether United Nations immune from suit — Whether United Nations expressly waiving immunity — Whether grant of immunity vitiated only by express waiver — Whether United Nations forfeiting immunity due to failure to provide any mode of settlement for plaintiffs’ claims — Text of Convention — Drafting history — Executive Branch’s interpretation — Convention on Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946, Sections 2 and 29

Diplomatic relations — United Nations Charter, 1945, Article 105(2) — Convention on Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946, Section 19 — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 31 — Individual defendants currently holding diplomatic positions — Whether individual defendants immune from suit — The law of the United States