International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Jurisdiction under bilateral treaty — Iran-United States Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights, 1955 — Disputes regarding interpretation and application of Treaty of Amity — Extent of jurisdiction conferred upon Court

International Court of Justice — Counter-claim — Iran-United States Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights, 1955 — Admissibility of counter-claim — Rules of Court, Article 80 — Connection with original claim — Jurisdiction of Court

War and armed conflict — Use of force — Self-defence — Limitations on the right of self-defence — Requirement of an armed attack — Necessity and proportionality — Relationship of requirements with Treaty of Amity — Essential security interests

Economics, trade and finance — Iran-United States Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights, 1955 — Freedom of commerce — Definition — Interpretation — Potential for future commerce — Indirect commerce

Treaties — Interpretation — Iran-United States Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights, 1955 — Freedom of commerce and navigation — Engagement in commerce and navigation — Interpretation — Relationship between different provisions of treaty