Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 and Protocol, 1967 — Illegal immigrant — Deportation proceedings — Request for asylum — Refusal to perform military service on account of religious beliefs — Whether punishment for refusing to perform military service constituting religious persecution — United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees — Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status — Whether persecutor required to have specific intention of engaging in religious persecution — Political persecution — Whether requirement to hold political opinion — Whether political neutrality constituting imputed political opinion — “Clear probability” of persecution — “Well-founded fear” of persecution — Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 — Refugee Act 1980 — The law of the United States