Sea — Jurisdiction — Fisheries — Sovereignty — Svalbard Fishing Protection Zone — Norway sovereign over Svalbard — Article 1 of Svalbard Treaty, 1920 — Norwegian regulation only permitting fishing by nationals of States traditionally fishing in Protection Zone — Icelandic defendants appealing illegal fishing conviction — Whether regulation violating Svalbard Treaty, 1920 — Whether outer limit of Protection Zone correct — Islands — Characteristics of an island — Whether small island “Abeloeya” baseline for Protection Zone — Whether island rock — Law of the Sea Convention, 1982 — Whether Icelandic vessels fishing outside Protection Zone

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Svalbard Treaty, 1920 — Equal treatment requirement in Articles 2 and 3 of Treaty — Discrimination — Whether Norwegian regulation discriminating on basis of nationality — Whether regulation violating Articles 2 and 3 of Treaty — Traditional fisheries — International practice — Law of the Sea Convention, 1982

Treaties — Svalbard Treaty, 1920 — Geographical scope — Ratifying States only entitled to invoke rights in Treaty — Article 34 of Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties, 1969 — Iceland ratifying Treaty in 1994 — Interpretation — Application to forms of title not existing when Treaty concluded — Law of the Sea Convention, 1982 — The law of Norway