State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For wrongs unconnected with contractual obligations — Acts and omissions of State officials — Exhaustion of legal remedies — Absence of evidence of effective remedies — U.N. Human Rights Committee

Treaties — Conclusion and operation — Entry into force — Inter — national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights — Alleged violation beginning before entry into force of Covenant — Continuing violation — Whether complaint admissible — U.N. Human Rights Committee

The individual in International law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — Detention without access to lawyer or family — Habeas corpus not available — Harsh conditions of detention — Allegations of torture — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights — Date of entry into force — Date of alleged violations — Optional Protocol — U.N. Human Rights Committee — Procedure — Right of individual petition — Exhaustion of domestic remedies — Evidence — Burden of proof