Since 1990, scholars in Russia, Europe, and the United States have organized a series of conferences dedicated to reconsidering key problems in the history of prerevolutionary Russia, bringing together emerging generations of historians from both sides of the old divide. This volume presents the results of a 1995 conference held in St. Petersburg and contains twenty-four papers. In addition, the discussion that followed each session of papers is also reprinted and provides important insight into the nature of post-Soviet historical debate surrounding Russian working-class history.