Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 December 2008
1. See for instance Herbert Hill to Bruce M. West, “Confidential Memorandum,” April 13, 1953; and Herbert Hill to Walter White, May 8–17, 1953, II, A-346, NAACP Papers, Library of Congress; Asbury Howard to M. E. Travis, July 15, 1954, Box 86, file “Asbury Howard,” International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers (IUMMSW), Western Historical Collections, University of Colorado.
2. Albert R. Johnson to Charles Johnson, June 14, 1926; “Study of the relation between Trade Unionism and Colored Workers in Warren Ohio,” October 1925, 2, Ser. 6, Box 86, National Urban League Papers, Library of Congress.
3. Marshall, F. Ray, Labor in the South (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), 227, 249.Google Scholar
4. Nelson, Bruce, “Class and Race in the Crescent City: The ILWU, from San Francisco to New Orleans,” in The CIO's Left-Led Unions, ed. Rosswurm, Steve (New Brunswick, N.J., 1992), 19–45.Google Scholar
5. William Mitch to John L. Lewis, June 16, 1933, District 20 files, UMWA, Arlington, VA.
6. Southern Worker, January 1935 and March–April 1935.
7. Goldfield's interpretations rest heavily on Huntley's, Horace “Iron Ore Miners and Mine Mill in Alabama: 1933–1952” (Ph.D. diss., University of Pittsburgh, 1977). While Huntley's work documents the loyalty of blacks to the union, it does not adequately research or address the politics of the union in either its noncommunist or communist phase.Google Scholar
8. “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting,” October 23, 1959, Box 12, IUMMSW.
9. “Notes on Meeting Held Saturday Morning July 10, 1943 in Office of Noel R. Beddow,” Mine, Mill file, Philip Murray Papers, Catholic University.
10. Minutes of meeting, nd [February 1949], 13/147, David J. McDonald papers, USWA, Historical Collections and Labor Archives, Pennsylvania State University.
11. Alton Lawrence to Nat Witt, June 21, 1955, Box 95, IUMMSU.
12. Alton Lawrence, “Semi-Monthly Report of International Representatives,” Febrruary 15, 1949, Box 94, IUMMSU.
13. Nick Zonarich to David J. McDonald, August 24, 1949, Box 167, Zonarich file, McDonald Papers.
14. M. E. Travis to Alton Lawrence, March 7, 1950, Box 94, IUMMSU.
15. Kaufman, Stuart Bruce, Challenge and Change: The History of the Tobacco Workers International Union (Kensington, Md., Bakery, Confectionary and Tobacco Workers International Union, 1986).Google Scholar
16. Marshall, Labor in the South, 240.
17. FTA, [Analysis of the FTA at Reynolds], nd [1949], copy FTA file, 1949, Box 122, IUMMSU.
18. Scales, Julius Irving and Nickson, Richard, Causes at Heart: A Former Communist Remembers (Athens, Ga., 1987), 203–08.Google Scholar