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Labour History in Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2008

Frank Farrell
Affiliation:
University of New South Wales

Abstract

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Type
Essays
Copyright
Copyright © International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc. 1982

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References

1. For an outline account see Clark, M., A Short History of Australia (New York, 1963).Google Scholar

2. For a study of the academic environment in Australia at the turn of the century see Crawford, R.M., ‘A Bit of a Rebel’: The Life and Work of George Arnold Wood, (Sydney, 1975).Google Scholar

3. Hobsbawn, E.J.: ‘Labor History and Ideology,’ in Journal of Social History, 7, (1974), 371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4. , S. and Webb, B., Industrial Democracy (London, 1902)Google Scholar; J.L. and Hammond, Barbara, The Village Labourer, 1760–1832 (London, 1927)Google Scholar, and The Town Labourer (London, 1928).

5. Murphy, W.E., History of the Eight Hours' Movement (2 vols., Melbourne, 1896).Google Scholar Murphy was also the author of a number of short works dealing with labour history and had been secretary of the Intercolonial Trades' Union Congress of 1884.

6. Ibid., vi. Cf. Webb, S. and Cox, H., The Eight Hours' Day (London, 1892)Google Scholar; Rogers, J.E. Thorold, Six Centuries of Work and Wages, (Aberdeen, 1949).Google Scholar First published 1884.

7. See, for example, Roydhouse, T.R. and Taperell, H.J., The Labor Party in New South Wales, (Sydney, 1892)Google Scholar; Black, G., Labor in Politics: The New South Wales Labor Party, What It Did and What It Prevented (Sydney, 1893).Google Scholar

Although the Australian spelling of the word “labor” contains a “u,” the official spelling of the “Australian Labor Party” does not. To complicate matters not all writers observe this distinction.

8. 5th. ed., Sydney, , 1910.Google Scholar Black later followed this up with a mammoth seven volume study of the Labor Party from its conception until 1917, published at various dates from 1926 to 1929.

9. On the Webbs's visit to Australia see Austin, A.G. (ed.) The Webbs' Australian Diary (Melbourne, 1965).Google Scholar

10. See Métin, Albert, Socialism Without Doctrine (trans, by Prof. Ward, R.) (Sydney, 1977).Google Scholar

11. Ibid., 188.

12. Ibid., 51.

13. Reeves, W. Pember, State Experiments in Australia and New Zealand, 2 vols. (London, 1902).Google Scholar Republished by Allen, George and Unwin, , 1923Google Scholar, and reissued in 1968 by the MacMillan Co. of Australia. For a full account of Reeve's career see Sinclair, K., William Pember Reeves, New Zealand Fabian (Oxford, 1965).Google Scholar

14. Ibid., XXXIII.

15. Lloyd, H.D., A Country Without Strikes (New York, 1900)Google Scholar; Newest England (New York, 1900).

16. Destler, C.M., Henry Demarest Lloyd and the Empire of Reform (Philadelphia, 1963),Google Scholar Preface.

17. Clark, V.S., The Labour Movement in Australasia (London, 1907).Google Scholar First published by Holt, Henry in New York in 1906Google Scholar it was reprinted by Franklin, Bert, New York, 1970.Google Scholar

18. Tampke, J., “‘Pace setter or quiet backwater?’ German literature on Australia's labour movement and social policies 1890–1914,” Labour History, 36 (05 1979), 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19. For a summary of these debates see Gay, P., The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism (New York, 1952)Google Scholar; Nettl, J.P., Rosa Luxemburg, (Oxford, 1976).Google Scholar

20. Tampke, , 89. First published in 1913 the book went into four editions before the out break of war in 1914Google Scholar.

21. Tampke, 15.

22. Max Schippel Die Neue Zeit, quoted in Tampke, 13.

23. Ibid. For a collection of translated material from German writings on Australia see Tampke, J. (ed.) Germans and Australia: Tales from the country of social miracles (Sydney, 1981).Google Scholar

24. On Mann's general views and influence see Farrell, F., International Socialism and Australian Labour (Sydney, 1981).Google Scholar

25. Tampke, 17.

26. “In Australia,” Pravda, 06 1913Google Scholar, in Lenin, V.I., Collected Works 19 (Moscow, 1963) 216–7.Google Scholar

27. Rawson, D.W., “Politics and ‘Responsibilty’ in Australian Trade Unions,” Australian Journal of Politics and History, 4 (11 1958), 231.Google Scholar

28. Atkinson, M. (ed.) Trade Unionism in Australia (Sydney, 1915), 72.Google Scholar

29. Sutcliffe, J.T., A History of Trade Unionism in Australia, (Melbourne, 1967), 258263.Google Scholar

30. For bibliographies of such material see Farrell 264–9; Turner, I., Industrial Labour and Politics (Sydney, 1979), 259263.Google Scholar

31. Childe, V.G., How Labour Governs (Melbourne, 1964), 181.Google Scholar

32. Ibid., XI.

33. See Atkinson, M.A. (ed.) Australia: Economic & Political Studies (Melbourne, 1920)Google Scholar; Goodrich, C., “The Australian and American Labour Movements,” The Economic Record (11 1928), 193208Google Scholar; Ross, R.S., “A Labour View of Pacific Problems,” in Campbell, P. et al. , Studies in Australian Affairs (Melbourne, 1928).Google Scholar

34. Jauncey, L.C., The Story of Conscription in Australia (Melbourne, 1969)Google Scholar; Ross, L., William Lane and the Australian Labor Movement (Sydney, 1935).Google Scholar

35. Denning, W., Caucus Crisis: The Rise and Fall of the Scullin Government (Parramatta, 1937).Google Scholar

36. Watson, D., Brian Fitzpatrick, Hale, and Iremonger, (Sydney, 1979)Google Scholar; Fitzpatrick, B., British Imperialism and Australia 1788–1833 (London, 1939)Google Scholar; A Short History of the Australian Labour Movement (Melbourne, 1940); 2nd ed. (enlarged), 1944; reissued 1944; The British Empire in Australia: An Economic History, 1834–1939 (Melbourne, 1941); 2nd ed. (revised and abridged), 1949.

37. Watson, 182–88.

38. Campbell, E.W., History of the Australian Labor Movement: A Marxist Interpretation (Sydney, 1945),Google Scholar 107, cf. Sharkey, L.L., The Australian Communist Party: An Outline History (Sydney, 1944).Google Scholar See also the travel book by Kisch, Egon, Australian Landfall (Melbourne, 1969), 284302.Google Scholar First published 1937.

39. Crisp, L.F., The Australian Federal Labour Party 1901–1951 (Sydney, 1978).Google Scholar See also Crisp, L.F., Ben Chifley: A Biography (London, 1961).Google Scholar For other studies of the labour movement by political scientists see Rawson, D.W., Labor in Vain? (Croydon, 1966)Google Scholar; Unions and Unionists in Australia (Sydney, 1978); Cooksey, R., Lang and Socialism (Canberra, 1971)Google Scholar; Davidson, A., The Communist Party of Australia: A Short History (Stanford, 1969)Google Scholar; Martin, R.M., Trade Unions in Australia (Ringwood, 1975).Google Scholar For similar studies see Murray, R., The Split: Australian Labor in the Fifties (Melbourne, 1970)Google Scholar; Ormonde, P., The Movement (Melbourne, 1972).Google Scholar

40. See Butlin, N.G., “The Shape of the Australian Economy, 1861–1900,” The Economic Record 34 (1958) 1025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar For later studies by economic historians more clearly in the field of labour history, see Buckley, K.D., The Amalgamated Engineers in Australia, 1852–1920 (Canberra, 1970)Google Scholar; Sheridan, T., Mindful Militants: The Amalgamated Engineering Union in Australia 1920–1972 (Cambridge, 1975)Google Scholar; Wheelwright, E.L. & Buckley, K. (eds.) Essays in the Political Economy of Australian Capitalism, (4 vols., Sydney, 1975–80).Google Scholar

41. E.g., Issac, J.E. and Ford, G.W., Australian Labour Relations (Melbourne, 1971).Google Scholar

42. Gollan, R., Radical and Working Class Politics (Melbourne, 1960).Google Scholar

43. Ibid., vii.

44. Turner, I., Industrial Labour and Politics: The Dynamics of the Labour Movement in Eastern Australia 1900–1921 (Sydney, 1979).Google Scholar First published 1965.

45. Such works would include Gollan, R., The Coalminers of New South Wales: A History of the Union, 1860–1960 (Melbourne, 1963)Google Scholar; Ebbels, R.N., The Australian Labor Movement 1850–1907 Melbourne, 1960)Google Scholar; Hagan, J., Printers and Politics: A History of the Australian Printing Unions 1850–1950 (Canberra, 1966)Google Scholar; Turner, I., Sydney's Burning (Melbourne, 1967, Rev. ed. Sydney, 1969)Google Scholar; Turner, I., The Australian Dream (Melbourne, 1968).Google Scholar

46. The Bulletin of the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, 1 (01 1962), 35.Google Scholar

47. “Symposium: What Is Labour History?” Labour History, 12 (05 1967), 6081.Google Scholar

48. McQueen, H., A New Britannia (Ringwood, 1970), 8, 13, 21.Google Scholar

49. Nairn, B., Civilising Capitalism: The Labor Movement in New South Wales 1870–1900 (Canberra, 1973).Google Scholar

50. See Gollan, R., Revolutionaries and Reformists: Communism and the Australian Labour Movement 1920–1955 (Canbesrra, 1975)Google Scholar; Dixson, M., Greater Than Lenin? Lang and Labor 1916–1932 (Melbourne, n.d.)Google Scholar; Hagan, J., The ACTU: A Short History (Sydney, 1977)Google Scholar; Kiernan, C., Calwell: A Personal and Political Biography (Melbourne, 1978)Google Scholar; F.Farrell, International Socialism and Australian Labour; Robertson, J., J.H. Scullin (Perth, 1974).Google Scholar

51. Connell, R., Ruling Class Ruling Culture (Cambridge, 1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar Connell and Irving have since developed their ideas on class structure in a valuable but contentious work of joint authorship: Connell, R.W. and Irving, T.H., Class Structure in Australian History (Melbourne, 1980).Google Scholar

52. Labour History, 40 (May 1981), v.

53. This can be seen to some extent in the ASSLH's special publications project which has so far resulted in six books provided to subscribers of the journal Labour History. The first, R.Cooksey (ed.) The Great Depression in Australia, a collection of studies of the implications of the economic crisis of the 1930s, was published in 1970; the second, Iremonger, J., Merritt, J. and Osborne, G. (eds.) Strikes: Studies in Twentieth Century Australian Social History, which analysed the social and political aspects of eleven industrial disputes, was co-published with Angus and Robertson in 1973Google Scholar; the third, Curthoys, A., Eade, S. and Spearritt, P. (eds.) Women at Work, a collection of studies which seeks to place women in their widest social context as both unpaid domestic workers and as wage-earners, was published in 1975Google Scholar; the fourth, Radi, H. and Spearritt, P. (eds.) Jack Lang, fifteen studies of the career of Australia's most turbulent politician, was published by Hale and Iremonger, in 1977Google Scholar; the fifth, P.Deery (ed.) Labour in Conflict: The 1949 Coal Strike, a collection of contemporary documents, was published in 1978 as Occasional Papers in Labour History No. 1; the sixth, Curthoys, A. and Markus, A. (eds.) Who Are Our Enemies? Racism and the Working Class in Australia, was published by Hale and Iremonger in 1978.Google Scholar

54. Labour History (May, 1981), v–vi.