1. This essay is based on a chapter of my dissertation, “Labor, Environmentalism, and the Public Interest: The United Auto Workers in the Quiet Decade.” I am grateful to my advisor, Susan Hanson, for her encouragement and support and appreciate the help of my committee members, Robert Mitchell, Dianne Rocheleau, Patricia Greenfield, and the late Julie Graham. I also appreciate the close reading and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. Above all, many thanks are due my husband, Christopher Couch.

2. Kasperson, Roger E., Berk, Gerald, Pijawka, David, Sharaf, Alan B., and Wood, James, “Public Opposition to Nuclear Energy: Retrospect and Prospect,” Science, Technology, and Human Values 5 (1980): 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

3. The most extensive account of the legal controversy can be found in Mazuzan, George T. and Walker, J. Samuel, Controlling the Atom: The Beginnings of Nuclear Regulation, 1946–1962 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1984)Google Scholar, chaps. 5–7.

4. Benjamin C. Sigal, “Statement before Joint Committee on Atomic Energy,” June 27, 1957 (UAW President's Office: Walter P. Reuther Collection [hereafter WPR], box 575, folder 4, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan); Atomic Energy Commission, Atomic Energy Commission Reports, vol. 1, Opinions and Decisions of the Atomic Energy Commission with Selected Orders, October 8, 1956, to December 31, 1961 (Washington, DC, 1962)Google Scholar, 149; “Atom Permit Upheld,” New York Times, May 27, 1959, 10.

5. “Science in the Courts: The Supreme Court is Asked to Decide on the Inherent Dangers of Nuclear Reactors,” Science, May 5, 1961, 1410. The district court case is International Union of Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers, AFL-CIO; United Automobile, Aircraft and Agricultural Implement Workers of America; and United Papermakers and Paperworkers v. United States of America and Atomic Energy Commission, 280 F.2d 645 (1960). The Supreme Court case is found at Power Reactor Development Co. v. International Union of Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers, AFL-CIO et al., 367 U.S. 396 (1961).

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10. Damon Stetson, “Battle Impends on Atomic Plant,” New York Times, November 13, 1956, 44.

11. For studies of the production of interrelated discourses of nature, embodiment, and workers' health, see Di Chiro, Giovanna, “‘Living Is for Everyone’: Border Crossings for Community, Environment, and Health,” Osiris, 2d ser., 19 (2004): 112–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sackman, Douglas C., “Nature's Workshop: The Work Environment and Workers' Bodies in California's Citrus Industry,” Environmental History 5 (2000): 27–53 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; and Nash, Linda, Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2006)Google Scholar. A profoundly important study of workplace radiation and workers' health is Hecht, Gabrielle's Being Nuclear: Africans and the Global Uranium Trade (Cambridge, 2012).Google Scholar

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17. Weart, Nuclear Fear, chap. 1; Boyer, By the Bomb's Early Light, 5, 197; Hilgartner, Stephen, Bell, Richard C., and O'Connor, Rory, Nukespeak: The Selling of Nuclear Technology in America (New York, 1983)Google Scholar, chap. 2.

18. “The Philosophers' Stone,” Time, August 15, 1955 (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807508,00.html); “U. N. Atom Unit Urged,” New York Times, August 3, 1955, 8.

19. Weart, Nuclear Fear, 85–87.

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37. Bruce Lambert, “Anthony Wayne Smith, 86, Environment Leader and Labor Lawyer,” New York Times, March 7, 1992; “Billion Dollar Give-Away On Atomic Energy Rapped,” CIO News, July 27, 1953; “NAM Urges Easing of Curbs on Private Atom Work; CIO Opposed,” Wall Street Journal, May 20, 1954, 2; Preis, Art, Labor's Giant Step, 2nd ed. (New York, 1972)Google Scholar, 475.

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42. Boyer, By the Bomb's Early Light, 352–53; Weart, Nuclear Fear, chaps. 10–11; Miller, Richard L., Under the Cloud: The Decades of Nuclear Testing (New York, 1986)Google Scholar. For a study that contextualizes the fallout controversies against contemporary secrecy and complacency toward growing emissions, waste, and contamination from reactors used to produce plutonium, see Brown, Kate, Plutopia: Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and American Plutonium Disasters (New York, 2013).Google Scholar

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47. Ford, Meltdown, 55; Mazuzan and Walker, Controlling the Atom, 125–33.

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49. Mazuzan and Walker, Controlling the Atom, 147–49; Memo from Leo Goodman to Walter P. Reuther, “Radiation Casualty Memo #2—Re: M. W. Kellogg Co. (Subsidiary of the Pullman Co.),” August 14, 1957 (WPR, box 575, folder 5); Memo from Leo Goodman to John E. Horne, “Biographical Data and—A Program,” August 3, 1956 (WPR, box 574, folder 3); Memo to ECIC Representatives, “Detroit Edison Reactor,” August 8, 1956 (WPR, box 574, folder 12).

50. “Petition for Intervention and Request for Formal Hearing,” Before the United States Atomic Energy Commission in re License Application of Power Reactor Development Company, AEC Docket No. F-16, August 31, 1956 (WPR, box 574, folder 13); “Reuther Assails A. E. C.,” New York Times, August 30, 1956, 49.

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64. Wasserman, Killing Our Own, 209. In a nice continuity of old and new, in 1989 Wasserman was named the recipient of the Citizens Energy Council's Leo Goodman Award for Safe Energy Activism.