Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:54:22.688Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sorghum resistant to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Botswana and Zimbabwe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2017

G. L. Teetes ,
C. S. Manthe ,
G. C. Peterson ,
K. Leuschner  and
B. B. Pendleton
G. L. Teetes
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, 77843–2475
C. S. Manthe
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Research, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
G. C. Peterson
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Route 3, Box 219, Lubbock, Texas, USA, 79401–9747
K. Leuschner
Affiliation:
SADC/ICRISAT Sorghum and Millet Improvement Program, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
B. B. Pendleton
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, 77843–2475
Get access

Abstract

Seedlings of 462 sorghum lines were screened to identify resistance to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). About 7% of the lines exhibited resistance in the seedling stage in greenhouse trials. In an advanced screening experiment, 12 sorghum lines had resistance ratings of 1.0–3.0 (highly resistant or resistant). In a similar test, older and larger plants of the same lines were as resistant as in the seedling stage. Lines IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, and IS12661C were highly resistant in preliminary and advanced screening trials. Antixenosis was shown to be a mechanism of resistance. Sorghum lines IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, and IS12661C were less preferred than ‘Mtode’, a susceptible sorghum. Based on greenhouse and field trials, antibiosis adversely affected aphid longevity, days reproducing, and progeny production. On the least antibiotic sorghums, longevity, days reproducing, and number of nymphs produced were as high as 13.7, 6.0, and 26.6, respectively. On the most antibiotic sorghums, these values were 4.5, 0.0, and 0.0. Resistance appeared to be controlled by a dominant gene, but there were indications of modifiers linked to major genes.

Résumé

Quatre cent soixante deux lignées de sorgho ont été criblées au semis pour la résistance au puceron, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). En essais en serre, 7% environ des lignées ont été résistantes au semis. En essai avançé, 12 lignées de sorgho ont eu des scores de résistance variant de 1.0 à 3.0 (hautement résistante ou résistante). Au cours d'un essai similaire, des plantes plus agées des même lignées ont eu le même niveau de résistance qu'au sémis. En essais préliminaires et avancés de criblage, les lignées IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, et IS12661C ont été très résistantes. Le mécanisme de résistance en était l'antixenose. Les lignées de sorgho IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, et IS12661C étaient moins préferées que la varieté susceptible de sorgho ‘Mtode’. Les résultats obtenus en serre et au champ ont montré que l'anti-biose a affecté de façon défavorable la longévité, la durée de reproduction et le nombre de progénitures de pucerons. Sur les sorghos les moins antibiotique, la durée de vie, la durée de reproduction et le nombre de nymphes de pucerons ont atteint jusqu' à 13, 7, 6, 0, et 26, 6 respectivement. Sur les sorghos les plus anti-biotiques, ces chiffres sont devenus respectivement 4, 5, 0, 0, et 0, 0. La resistance semblait être contrôlée par un gène dominant, mais avec des indications de modifications liées aux genes majeurs.

Keywords

antibiosisantixenosisMelanaphis saccharimonogenic inheritanceplant resistancesorghumSorghum bicolorsugarcane aphidanti-bioseanti-xenoseMelanaphis saccharihérédité monogéniquerésistance des plantessorghoSorghum bicolorpuceron
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , March 1995 , pp. 63 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Blackman, R. L. and Eastop, V. F. (1984) Aphids on the World's Crops: An Identification and Information Guide. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Chang, S. (1981) Sources of resistance in sorghum to sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Rep. of the Corn Res. Center, Taiwan DAIS 15, 10–14.Google Scholar
Chang, P. and Fang, M. (1984) Studies on the resistance of sorghum variety to sorghum aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Chinese J. Entomol. 4, 97–105.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Institute of Entomology (1981) Distribution Maps of Pests. Series A (Agriculture), Map No. 420. Farnham Royal, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Hagio, T. and Ono, S. (1986) Varietal reactions to sorghum aphid in the seedling test and field assessment. Sorghum Newsl. 29, 72.Google Scholar
Hagio, T., Umehara, M. and Ono, S. (1985) Varietal reaction of sorghum to sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) in the seedling stage. Sorghum Newsl. 28, 51–52.Google Scholar
Harvey, T. L., Hackerott, H. L., Martin, T. J. and Stegmeier, W. D. (1985) Mechanical insect dispenser for infesting plants with greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Econ. Entomol. 78, 489–492.Google Scholar
Hsieh, J. and Pi, C. (1982) Genetic study on aphid resistance in sorghum. J. Agric. Ass. China. New Series 117, 6–14.Google Scholar
Kondaiah, E. and Nayudu, M. V. (1984) Sugarcane mosaic virus strain H: A new record from India. Current Sci. 53, 273–275.Google Scholar
Manthe, C. S. (1992) Sorghum resistance to the sugarcane aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). PhD Dissertation, Texas A&M University.Google Scholar
Miller, F. R. (1984) Registration of RTx430 sorghum parental line. Crop Sci. 24, 1224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mote, U. N. and Kadam, J. R. (1984) Incidence of Aphis sacchari (Zent.) in relation to sorghum plant characters. Sorghum Newsl. 27, 86.Google Scholar
Mote, U. N., Shinde, M. D. and Bapat, D. R. (1985) Screening of sorghum collections for resistance to aphids and oily malady of winter sorghum. Sorghum Newsl. 28, 13.Google Scholar
Peterson, G. C., Johnson, J. W., Teetes, G. L. and Rosenow, D. T. (1984) Registration of Tx2783 greenbug resistant sorghum germplasm line. Crop Sci. 24, 390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pi, C. and Hsieh, J. S. (1982a) Preliminary studies on aphid resistance in sorghum. Natl. Sci. Counc. Monthly. ROC, 10, 153–160.Google Scholar
Pi, C. and Hsieh, J. S. (1982b) Studies on Grain Quality and Aphid Resistance in Sorghum. Proceedings of the Plant Breeders Symposium, ROC Regional Society of SABRAO and Agricultural Association of China.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (1987) SAS User's Guide. Statistics. Version 6 edition. Cary, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Schuster, D. J. and Starks, K. J. (1973) Greenbugs: Components of host plant resistance in sorghum. J. Econ. Entomol. 66, 1131–1134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Setokuchi, O. (1976) Ecology of Longuinguis sacchari (Zehntner) (Aphididae) infesting sorghums. V. Influence of harvesting time and plant population on the aphid occurrence. Proc. Assoc. Plant Prot. Kyushu. 23, 109–112.Google Scholar
Starks, K. J. and Burton, R. L. (1977) Greenbugs: Determining Biotypes, Culturing, and Screening for Plant Resistance. US Dept. Agric. ARS Tech. Bull. 1556.Google Scholar
Stephens, J. C., Miller, F. R. and Rosenow, D. T. (1967) Conversion of alien sorghums to early combine genotypes. Crop Sci. 7, 396.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L. (1980) Breeding sorghums resistant to insects. In Breeding Plants Resistant to Insects (Edited by Maxwell, F. and Jennings, P.), pp. 457–489. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L., Schaefer, C. A., Johnson, J. W. and Rosenow, D. T. (1974) Resistance in sorghums to the greenbug: Field evaluation. Crop Sci. 14, 706–708.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, N. J. (1973) Notes on the occurrence and biology of the sorghum aphid in South Africa. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 36, 293–298.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, N. J. (1979) Grain sorghum aphids. Farming in South Africa. Government Printer, Pretoria. E.2.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, N. J. and Van Hamburg, H. (1975) Grain sorghum pests: An integrated control approach. In Proc. 1st. Congr. Entomol. S. Afr., pp. 151–162.Google Scholar
Venugopal, M. S., Sadakathulla, S. and Mani, M. (1971) Differential susceptibility of some sorghum varieties to aphids. Sorghum Newsl. 22, 71.Google Scholar
Young, W. R. and Teetes, G. L. (1977) Sorghum entomology. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 22, 193–218.Google Scholar