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Seasonal life history adaptations of a neotropical corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

G. M. Chippendale  and
M. Z. Mahmalji
G. M. Chippendale
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, U.S.A.
M. Z. Mahmalji
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, U.S.A.
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Abstract

The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, has expanded its range during this century so that it is now distributed between about 18 and 38°N latitude in Mexico and the United States. The species survives from year to year by entering a facultative larval diapause, and over most of its range it is bivoltine or trivoltine. Fully grown pre-diapausing larvae prepare an overwintering cell in the stalk crown of their host plant, typically maize, and then ecdyse from a spotted to a pigment-free morph at the onset of diapause. Southwestern corn borers originally obtained from southcentral Mexico (19°N latitude) and the United States (33–38°N latitude) were reared on an artificial diet under standardized conditions to compare several of their life history traits. Information is presented about voltinism, photoperiodic responses, growth and reproduction, larval behaviour and ecdyses, and the diapause-associated protein in an attempt to evaluate characteristics that have enabled the species to disperse from a tropical to a temperate region.

Résumé

L'aire de répartition du foreur du maïs, Diatraea grandiosella, s'est beaucoup élargie au cours de ce siècle, à tel point qu'elle s'étend maintenant entre 18°N et 38°N de latitude, au Mexique et aux Etats-Unis. L'espèce se maintient d'une année à l'autre grâce à une diapause facultative larvaire, et elle est bivoltine ou trivoltine sur la majeure partie de son aire de répartition. Les larves prédiapausantes complètement développées tissent un cocon à la base de la tige de leur plante-hôte, en général le maïs, puis muent, passant de la forme tâchetée à la forme immaculée, au début de la diapause. Des larves de D. grandiosella provenant du centre sud du Mexique (19°N latitude) et des Etats-Unis (33°N à 38°N de latitude) ont été élevées sur un milieu artificiel en conditions contrôlées, pour comparer quelques unes des particularités de leur cycle. Sont étudiés ici le voltinisme, les réponses photopériodiques, le développement et la reproduction, le comportement larvaire et les mues, et la protéine de diapause, en vue d'apprécier les caractéristiques qui ont permis à cette espèce de se répandre d'une région tropicale à une région tempérée.

Keywords

Diatraea grandioselladistributionseasonal adaptationsenvironmental signalslarval growth and behaviourfecunditydiapause-associated proteinDiatraea grandiosellaaire de répartitionadaptations saisonnièresfacteurs de l'environnementdéveloppement larvaire et comportementféconditéprotéine de diapause
Type
Symposium III: Life-History Traits in Tropical Insects
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 4-5-6: Recent Advances in Research on Tropical Entomology , December 1987 , pp. 501 - 506
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

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