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The response of trypanosome-infected water buffaloes and cattle in different areas of fly challenge to normal therapeutic doses of trypanocidal drugs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

B. C. Njau ,
P. A. Mkonyi  and
K. A. M. Lekaki
B. C. Njau
Affiliation:
Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
P. A. Mkonyi
Affiliation:
Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
K. A. M. Lekaki
Affiliation:
Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Abstract

Laboratory examination of blood smears from water buffaloes in an area of high fly challenge indicated an infection rate of 51.11 % caused by both Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax. A similar study in cattle raised in a low fly challenge area showed an infection rate of 22.73% caused by T. congolense only. Diminazene aceturate administered as a single dose at 3.5 mg/kg body weight cured the infection in cattle, while a similar dose at 7 mg/kg body weight failed to cure the water buffaloes. Cattle were further protected by a single dose of isometamidium chloride administered at 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks of this study. On the other hand, isometamidium chloride administered at 1 mg/kg body weight cured transiently 90% of the infected water buffaloes and 10% persisted with a T. congolense infection. It was concluded that the lower dose rates approved by the manufacturers for the two trypanocides treated adequately infected cattle in a low challenge area, but such results were not achieved with the higher dose rates for infected water buffaloes in a high fly challenge area.

Résumé

L'examen de frottis sanguins de buffles (Bubalus bubalus) provenant d'une région fortement infestée de mouches tsé-tsé indique un taux d'infection de 51.11%, dû à Trypanosoma congolense et T. vivax. Une étude similaire concernant les vaches dans une zone peu infestée montre un taux d'infection de 22.73%, cause par T. congolense uniquement. De l'acéturate de diminazène administré en une dose de 3.5 mg/kg de poids vif soigne l'infection des vaches, alors que les buffles ne sont pas soignés par une dose de 7 mg'kg. Les vaches ont ensuite été protégées pendant 6 semaines grâce à une dose unique de 0.5 mg/kg de chlorure d'isométamidium, tandis que cette même drogue administrée à raison de 1 mg/kg ne soignait transitoirement que 90% des buffles, les 10% restant présentant une infection à T. congolense. On peut donc en conclure que les faibles doses recommandées par les fabricants pour chaque trypanocides sont adaptées à des vaches exposés à de faibles infestations, mais non à des buffles vivant dans des zones lourdement infestées par les glossines.

Keywords

Trypanosomiasisfly challengewater buffaloescattlediminazeneisometamidiumdrug doses
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 7 , Issue 6 , December 1986 , pp. 741 - 745
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1986

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