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Répercussions des programmes d'aménagement hydraulique et rural sur l'epidémiologie et l'épizootiologie des trypanosomiases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

P. Finelle
Affiliation:
Food and Agriculture Organization, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100-Rome, Italy
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Abstract

The geographical distribution and the biology of the different species of tsetse fly are closely connected with the vegetation. Any modification in the vegetation cover may therefore change, in one way or another, the dynamics of tsetse populations and, consequently, influence the transmission of trypanosamiasis. Irrigation and rural development programmes which often drastically change the natural vegetation of vast areas will therefore result in major changes in the incidence, epidemiology and epizootiology of trypanosomiasis.

Only very limited studies have been carried out on this important problem and it is very difficult, if not impossible, to make a review of this subject as the data available are very fragmentary and often relate to specific situations.

The main purpose of this article is not only to review the data and information available at present, but also to identify and stress our lack of knowledge and the need for further research.

The problems created by establishment of irrigation and rural development programmes, industrial scale plantations, irrigated cultivations, livestock rearing centres are highlighted without neglecting the sociological and medical aspects of population transfers connected with these development programmes.

The conclusions attempt to identify the research which should be carried out in the field and propose some recommendations drawing attention to both the health services and to those responsible for planning and establishing irrigation and rural development programmes.

Résumé

La répartition géographique et la biologie des diverses espèces de glossines sont très étroitement liées à la végetation. Toute transformation du couvert végétal peut donc modifier, dans un sens ou dans un autre, la dynamique des populations de glossines et partant influer sur la transmission de la trypanosomiase. Les programmes d'aménagement hydraulique et rural, qui souvent modifient radicalement la végétation naturelle sur de vastes superficies, doivent done entraîner des changements profonds dans l'incidence, l'épidémiologie et l'épizootiologie de la trypanosomiase.

Cet important problème n'a fait l'objet que d'études limitées et il est bien difficile sinon impossible d'en faire une synthèse tant les données disponibles sont fragmentaires et souvent reliées à des situations particulières.

Cet article vise donc autant à faire le point des informations actuelles qu'à mettre en evidence les lacunes de nos connaissances ou les besoins de recherche.

Les problèmes posés par la création des aménagements hydrauliques et ruraux, les plantations de type industriel, les cultures irriguées, les établissements d'élevage, sont successivement envisagés sans négliger les aspects sociologiques et médicaux des mouvements de populations liés à ces aménagements.

La conclusion cherche à identifier les recherches qui devraient être entreprises sur ce sujet et à dégager quelques recommendations à l'attention tant des services sanitaires que de ceux chargés de planifier et de réaliser ces grands ensembles hydrauliques et ruraux.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1980

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References

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