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Relative susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2015

L.C. Nwosu ,
C.O. Adedire ,
E.O. Ogunwolu  and
M.O. Ashamo
L.C. Nwosu*
Affiliation:
Food Storage Technology Programme, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
C.O. Adedire
Affiliation:
Food Storage Technology Programme, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
E.O. Ogunwolu
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
M.O. Ashamo
Affiliation:
Food Storage Technology Programme, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Susceptibility studies keep farmers informed, and enhance breeding programmes' testing against infestation and damage by stored product pests. Therefore, the susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties to Sitophilus zeamais infestation was investigated in the laboratory at 32.7 °C ambient temperature and 70.4% relative humidity. The varieties tested were obtained from the Maize Breeding Units of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), both in Ibadan, Nigeria. Susceptibility was assessed, using as indices, weevil mortality and survival rates, percentage grain damage, percentage grain weight loss, weight of grain powder, weevil development time, and number of emerged adults. The susceptibility index was determined post-infestation at 56 days using Dobie's formula and at 90 days from a new formula derived from Dobie's formula. Susceptible varieties produced significantly (P≤ 0.05) high numbers of F1 and F2 progeny, and had significantly (P≤ 0.05) low weevil mortality and early first weevil emergence. Grain damage and loss increased with storage duration. There was no visible damage to varieties 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 at 56 days post-infestation. At 90 days, the two varieties had the lowest percentage grain damage, percentage weight loss, and weight of grain powder. The index of susceptibility at F2 progeny showed that the resistant varieties decreased in number from 17 (85%) to 13 (65%) and the moderately resistant varieties increased from 2 (10%) to 6 (30%). This suggests the effect of prolonged storage duration on the inherent ability of varieties to resist weevil attack. Variety PVASYN3F2 was susceptible. The factors conferring high resistance to 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 should be investigated. They should be promoted to control S. zeamais infestation and damage in stored maize.

Keywords

maizeprogenysusceptibility indexstorageresistancecontrol
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 185 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2015 

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