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Plant characteristics and Mechanisms of Resistance in Field Bean to the Pod Borer Adisura Atkinsoni Moore and Screening the Germplasm to the Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch Damage*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 September 2011
Abstract
Field screening of Lablab niger germplasm for 3 years revealed that two cultivars, PLS-24 and PLS-16-1 consistently displayed resistance to pod borer, Adisura atkinsoni Moore larval boring and egg laying. Observations at different intervals of plant growth permitted a comprehensive evaluation of cultivar response to the pod borer complex.
Preliminary tests indicated pod colour, pubescence and fragrance to be associated with the borer resistance in L. niger. However, none of the characters per se imparted resistance or susceptibility, partly or fully. Cumulative effect of the aforesaid characters appeared to impart borer resistance to Adisura. Pod wall did not form a physical barrier to Adisura larval entry. Positive relationship existed with amount of chloroplast and susceptibility, and starch grains and resistance in four cultivars studied for anatomical details. Anthocyanin pigment in the pod wall was associated with resistance in L. niger to Adisura.
Based on field and laboratory evaluations of Lablab niger cultivars to the bean aphid, Aphis craccivora damage, the “local” and H-2, rated as highly susceptible to borers, reacted as resistant and PLS-24 and PLS-16-1 rated as resistant to borers reacted as highly susceptible to the aphid attack. It is therefore imperative that promising Lablab niger cultivars be evaluated for resistance to both the sucking and chewing insect pests.
Under artificial infestation conditions the resistant cultivars exhibited susceptibility to larval boring by Adisura, but confirmed resistance to ovipositional response. Non-preference for oviposition was the most important factor in imparting resistance to the borer damage in L. niger. Factors inducing host preference for larva and for adult were different and independent. PLS-24 and PLS-16-1 contained significant degrees of antibiosis as demonstrated by reduced larval survival, larval and pupal weights, prolonged larval duration and altered sex ratio.
Cultivars that sustained low levels of seed yield loss at high infestation levels were identified as tolerant. MS-9579 and IC-661-1 exhibited low degree of tolerance. Resistant cultivars proved non-tolerant even to slight infestations (ca 10%) received under field conditions.
Résumé
Des examens sur le terrain du germplasm Lablab niger, pendant 3 ans, ont révélé que deux espèces, PLS-24 et PLS-16-1 ont montré une résistance régulière à l'insecte térébrant de la cosse, Adisura atkinsoni Moore, à sa percée de larves et sa ponte d'oeufs. Des observations à différents intervalles de la croissance de la plante ont permis une évaluation complète de la réponse des espèces au complexe de l'insecte térébrant.
Des tests préliminaires ont démontré que la couleur de la cosse, sa pubescence et son odeur devaient être associées à la résistance du L. niger. Cependant, aucune des ces caractéristique ne donnait per se la résistance, que ce soit partiellement ou totalement. Ce ne sont que les effets cumulés des caractéristiques décrites ci-dessus qui semblaient donner àu L. niger la résistance contre le térébrant. La paroi de la cosse ne semblait pas former de barrière physique à l'entrée larvale de l'Adisura. Une relation positive existait entre la quantité de chloroplaste, la susceptibilité, les graines d'amidon et la résistance de quatre espèces étudiées pour des détails anatomiques. Le pigment Anthocyanin sur la paroi de la cosse a été associé à la résistance du L. niger contre l'Adisura.
Sous des conditions d'infestation artificielle, les espèces résistantes ont prouvé une susceptibilité face à la percée larvale de l'Adisura mais ont confirmé leur résistance à sa réponse ovipositionnelle. Le facteur le plus important dans l'attribution de la résistance aux dommages du térébrant dans le L. niger fut la non-préférence pour l'oviposition. Les facteurs provoquant la préférence de logement chaz la larve et chez l'adulte sont très différents et indépendants. PLS-24 et PLS-16-1 contenaient des quantités significatives d'antibioses, comme cela a été démontré par une survie larvale réduite, les poids larvaux et pupaux, la durée larvale prolongée et les ratio de sexe modifies.
Les espèces qui ont connu des niveaux bas de pertes de productivité des graines à de hauts niveaux d'infestation ont été définis comme tolérants. MS-9579 et IC-661–1 ont montré des niveaux de tolérance bas. Les espèces résistantes se sont montrées non tolérantes même face à des infestations mineures (Ca 10%) reçues dans des conditions de terrain.
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