Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T11:09:04.050Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Occurrence of Euwallacea sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its ambrosia fungus Cunninghamella echinulata on Ricinus communis in Coffea canephora gardens in Uganda

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2017

James Peter Egonyu ,
Yosia Mukasa ,
Robert Ekwaru ,
Isaac Ogari  and
Gladys Ahumuza
James Peter Egonyu*
Affiliation:
Makerere University, PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
Yosia Mukasa
Affiliation:
Makerere University, PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
Robert Ekwaru
Affiliation:
National Coffee Research Institute, PO Box 185 Mukono, Uganda
Isaac Ogari
Affiliation:
National Coffee Research Institute, PO Box 185 Mukono, Uganda
Gladys Ahumuza
Affiliation:
National Coffee Research Institute, PO Box 185 Mukono, Uganda
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Euwallacea spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are polyphagous globally distributed invasive ambrosia beetles. One of the species was recently detected attacking Ricinus communis growing in Coffea canephora gardens in Uganda. This study was undertaken to: (a) determine the distribution, incidence, and relative abundance of Euwallacea sp. on R. communis in Uganda; (b) determine the influence of the presence of C. canephora on the incidence and abundance of Euwallacea sp. on R. communis; and (c) identify ambrosia fungus of Euwallacea sp. on R. communis. Five C. canephora farms with R. communis and five others with R. communis but without C. canephora were sampled in each of the six districts surveyed. Incidence of Euwallacea sp. on R. communis was measured, by inspecting the host trees in each farm for the presence or absence of the pest. Abundance of Euwallacea sp. on R. communis was estimated, by counting holes of Euwallacea sp. at the lower 1.7 m of R. communis stems. A fungus was isolated from galleries of Euwallacea sp. on R. communis and identified. Results show that Euwallacea sp. was present on R. communis in all districts surveyed, with 30–70% of the farms infested in each district and 5–28 holes of Euwallacea sp. found on each sampled stem of R. communis. Coffea canephora appeared to facilitate the infestation of R. communis by Euwallacea sp., although it did not seem to influence the multiplication of the insect inside the host. Cunninghamella echinulata appeared to be the ambrosia fungus associated with Euwallacea sp. Therefore, Euwallacea sp. is a threat to many economically important plants in Uganda that are known to be hosts of this pest.

Keywords

ambrosia beetlescastor oil plantRobusta coffee
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , September 2017 , pp. 198 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymous (2012) Polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp.) vectoring Fusarium dieback (Fusarium sp.). County of Los Angeles, Department of Agricultural Commissioner/Weights and Measures. [Online] https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/PPD/PDF/Euwallacea_sp-Fusarium_sp.pdf (Accessed 3rd December 2015).Google Scholar
Anonymous (2016) Ambrosia beetle Euwallacea piceus (Motschulsky, 1863). [Online] http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subthumb.cfm?sub=10372 (Accessed 15 July 2016).Google Scholar
Beaver, R. and Liu, L. (2010) An annotated synopsis of Taiwanese bark and ambrosia beetles, with new synonymy, new combinations and new records (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 2602, 1–47.Google Scholar
Biedermann, P. H. W. (2010) Observations on sex ratio and behavior of males in Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Scolytinae, Coleoptera). ZooKeys 56, 253– 267.Google Scholar
Bright, D. (2014) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 3 (2000–2010), with notes on subfamily and tribal reclassifications. Insecta Mundi 2014, 1–336.Google Scholar
CABI (2015) Invasive species compendium. [Online] http://www.cabi.org/isc (Accessed 11 November 2015).Google Scholar
Cognato, A. I., Hoebeke, E. R., Kajimura, H. and Smith, S. M. (2015) History of the exotic ambrosia beetles Euwallacea interjectus and Euwallacea validus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Xyleborini) in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology 108, 1129–1135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coleman, T. W. (2015) Injury symptoms associated with the polyphagous shot hole borer, Euwallacea sp., and Fusarium dieback, Fusarium euwallaceae. Available: http://californiareleaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/PSHB-and-FD-injury-symptoms-11-6-13.pdf (Accessed 3 December 2015).Google Scholar
Egonyu, J. P., Kucel, P., Kangire, A., Sewaya, F. and Nkugwa, C. (2009) Impact of the black twig borer on Robusta coffee in Mukono and Kayunga districts, central Uganda. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 3, 163–169.Google Scholar
Eskalen, A. and Stouthamer, R. (2013) A new beetle-fungus disease complex threatening avocado. California Avocado Society 2011 Yearbook 94, 120–126. [Online] http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_94_2011/CAS_2011_V94_PG_120-126.pdf (Accessed 27 October 2015).Google Scholar
Eskalen, A., Stouthamer, R., Lynch, S. C., Rugman-Jones, P. F., Twizeyimana, M., Gonzalez, A. and Thibault, T. (2013) Host range of Fusarium dieback and its ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) vector in southern California. Plant Disease 97, 938–951.Google Scholar
Fakas, S., Papanikolaou, S., Galiotou-Panayotou, M., Komaitis, M. and Aggelis, G. (2008) Organic nitrogen of tomato waste hydrolysate enhances glucose uptake and lipid accumulation in Cunninghamella echinulata . Journal of Applied Microbiology 105, 1062–1070.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FAO (2015) Plant pests and diseases. [Online] http://www.fao.org/emergencies/emergency-types/plant-pests-and-diseases/en/ Google Scholar
Fraser, C.I., Brahy, O., Mardulyn, P., Dohet, L., Mayer, F. and Grégoire, J.-C. (2014) Flying the nest: male dispersal and multiple paternity enables extrafamilial matings for the invasive bark beetle Dendroctonus micans. Heredity 113, 327–333. doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.34.Google Scholar
Gema, H., Kavadia, A., Dimou, D., Tsagou, V., Komaitis, M. and Aggelis, G. (2002) Production of γ-linolenic acid by Cunninghamella echinulata cultivated on glucose and orange peel. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 58, 303–307.Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1967) Extraordinary sex ratios. Science 156, 477–488. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3774.477 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernández, M. C., Pildain, M. B., Novas, M. V., Sacco, J. and Lopez, S. E. (2007) Mycobiota associated with larval mines of Thrypticus truncatus and T. sagittatus (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) on waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, in Argentina. Biological Control 41, 321–326.Google Scholar
Hill, D. S. (2008) Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control. Springer Science and Business Media, New York, USA. 704 pp.Google Scholar
Hodel, D.R., Liu, A., Arakelian, G., Eskalen, A. and Stouthamer, R. (2012) Fusarium dieback: A new and serious insect-vectored disease of landscape trees. Western Arborist [Online]. http://ucanr.edu/sites/socaloakpests/files/154814.pdf (Accessed 27 October 2015).Google Scholar
Jaramillo, J., Torto, B., Mwenda, D., Troeger, A., Borgemeister, C., Poehling, H.-M. and Francke, W. (2013) Coffee berry borer joins bark beetles in coffee klatch. PLoS ONE 8, e74277. [Online] https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074277.Google Scholar
Johnston, A. and Booth, C. (Eds) (1983) Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, UK. ISBN: 9780851985176.Google Scholar
Jordal, B. H., Normark, B. B., Farrell, B. D. and Kirkendall, L. R. (2002) Extraordinary haplotype diversity in haplodiploid inbreeders: phylogenetics and evolution of the bark beetle genus Coccotrypes . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23, 171–188.Google Scholar
Kamanyire, M. (2000) Natural Resource Management and Policy in Uganda: Overview Paper. Sustainability Indicators for Natural Resource Management and Policy Working Paper Series, Paper Number 3. Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, Manchester.Google Scholar
Kirkendall, L. (1983) The evolution of mating systems in bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 77, 293–352.Google Scholar
Knoblauch, K. and Maloney, L. T. (2012) Modeling Psychophysical Data in R. Springer Science and Business Media, New York, USA. 365 pp.Google Scholar
Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Sharon, M., Zveibil, A., Ben Yehuda, S., O'Donnell, K., Rabaglia, R., Wysoki, M. and Freeman, S. (2012) An Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus and its novel symbiotic fungus Fusarium sp. pose a serious threat to the Israeli avocado industry. Phytoparasitica 40, 235–238.Google Scholar
Normark, B. B., Jordal, B. H. and Farrell, B. D. (1999) Origin of a haplodiploid beetle lineage. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 266, 2253– 2259.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, K., Sink, S., Libeskind-Hadas, R., Hulcr, J., Kasson, M. T., Ploetz, R. C., Konkol, J. L., Ploetz, J. N., Carrillo, D., Campbell, A. and Duncan, R.E. (2014) Discordant phylogenies suggest repeated host shifts in the Fusarium–Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualism. Fungal Genetics and Biology 82, 277–290. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.10.014.Google Scholar
Osgood, D. W. (2000) Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 16, 21–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papanikolaou, S., Sarantou, S., Komaitis, M. and Aggelis, G. (2004) Repression of reserve lipid turnover in Cunninghamella echinulata and Mortierella isabellina cultivated in multiple-limited media. Journal of Applied Microbiology 97, 867–875.Google Scholar
Peer, K. and Taborsky, M. (2007) Delayed dispersal as a potential route to cooperative breeding in ambrosia beetles. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61, 729–739. doi:10.1007/s00265-006-0303-0 Google Scholar
R Core Team (2015) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. [Online] https://www.R-project.org/ (Accessed 19 December 2015).Google Scholar
Rabaglia, R. J., Dole, S. A. and Cognato, A. I. (2006) Review of American Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) occurring north of Mexico, with an illustrated key. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99, 1034–1056.Google Scholar
Raja Rishi, R. and Balu, A. (2010) Infectivity of Cunninghamella echinulata (Thaxt.) Thaxt. on insect, Galleria mellonella—A new report. Current Biotica 4, 368– 372.Google Scholar
Rojas, M. G., Morales-Ramos, J. A. and Harrington, T. C. (1999) Association between Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Fusarium solani (Moniliales: Tuberculariaceae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 92, 98–100.Google Scholar
Sepasi, N., Jahani, M., Mirzaee, M. R. and Mohammadpour, K. (2015) First record of Cunninghamella echinulata var. Nodosa as a new entomopathogenic fungus infecting melon weevil (Acytopeus curvirostris persicus, Curculionidae). International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences 4, 27–29.Google Scholar
Shipton, W. and Lunn, J. A. (1980) Sporangiole morphology and species separation in Cunninghamella . Transactions of the British Mycological Society 74, 483– 491.Google Scholar
Suresh, G. and Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (1984) Some entomogenous fungal infections of a sporophagous Tubuliferan Elaphrothrips denticollis (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Animal Sciences 93, 407–410. doi:10.1007/BF03186287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasige, J. E. (2009) Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change and Climate Variability on Crop Production in Uganda: End of project report. [Online] http://start.org/download/gec08/wasige-final.pdf (Accessed 7 July 2016).Google Scholar
West, S. A., Shuker, D. M. and Sheldon, B. C. (2005) Sex-ratio adjustment when relatives interact: a test of constraints on adaptation. Evolution 59, 1211–1228.Google Scholar
Wood, D. L. (1982) The role of pheromones, kairomones, and allomones in the host selection and colonization behavior of bark beetles. Annual Review of Entomology 27, 411–446.Google Scholar
Wood, S. L. and Bright, D.E. Jr (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index, volumes A and B. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13, 1–1553.Google Scholar
Wortmann, C. S. and Eledu, C. A. (1999) Uganda's Agroecological Zones: A Guide for Planners and Policy Markers. International Centre of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Kampala, Uganda. 56 pp.Google Scholar
Zoberi, M. H. and Grace, J. K. (1990) Fungi associated with the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes in Ontario. Mycologia 82, 289–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuur, A., Ieno, E. N., Walker, N., Saveliev, A. A. and Smith, G. M. (2009) Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R. Springer Science & Business Media, New York, USA. 596 pp. ISBN: 978-0387874579.Google Scholar