Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:32:05.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutrient and anti-nutrient composition of Henicus whellani (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae), an edible ground cricket, in south-eastern Zimbabwe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2014

R. Musundire ,
C.J. Zvidzai ,
C. Chidewe ,
B.K. Samende  and
F.A. Manditsera
R. Musundire*
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Off Chirundu Road, Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
C.J. Zvidzai
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Off Chirundu Road, Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
C. Chidewe
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
B.K. Samende
Affiliation:
Government Analyst Laboratory, PO Box CY 231 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
F.A. Manditsera
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Off Chirundu Road, Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional and phytochemical composition of Henicus whellani Chopard, a seasonally occurring ground-dwelling cricket consumed in south-eastern Zimbabwe. Insects were sampled from four quadrants (approximately 100 m2) in one representative site (approximately 3000 m2) in Bikita District, and were hand-picked or dug out from burrows in a manner similar to traditional insect-harvesting practices. Proximate composition using whole-dried insects and bioactive components using dried pulverized material were analysed using standard procedures. The proportional nutrient composition was 53.6% crude protein, 4.3% fat, 13.4% ash, 10.6% crude fibre, 4.0% carbohydrate and 268.3 kcal/100 g energy. Phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, oxalates, saponins and flavonoids were present in the extracts of insects. The quantities of saponins (53.3 mg/g) and alkaloids (52.3 mg/g) were higher than those of other phytochemicals, with the quantity of tannins (0.168 mg/g) being the lowest. Radical-scavenging capacity determined using di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (or 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) and methanol extracts was 42%, which is lower than those of the standards. This study shows that H. whellani provides potential nutritional benefits in terms of protein, fibre and flavonoid contents. The relatively high ash content compared with that from other edible insects indicates a rich source of minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. However, the presence of saponins, oxalates and tannins could be a limitation and requires further studies. There is a need to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the nutrients and the safety of bioactive compounds in relation to human consumption.

Keywords

Henicus whellaninutritionbioactive compoundsflavonoidsantioxidant properties
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 223 - 231
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akhter, S., Rahman, M., Hossain, M. M. and Hashem, M. A. (2009) Effects of drying as a preservation technique on nutrient contents of beef. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University 7, 63–68.Google Scholar
Alamu, O. T., Amao, A. O., Nwokedi, C. I., Oke, O. A. and Lawa, I. O. (2013) Diversity and nutritional status of edible insects in Nigeria: a review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 5, 215–222.Google Scholar
Amoo, A. and Agunbiade, F. O. (2010) Some nutrient and anti-nutrient components of Pterygota macrocarpa seed flour. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry 9, 293–300.Google Scholar
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1990) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, Virginia.Google Scholar
Bukkens, S. G. F. (2005) Insects in the human diet: nutritional aspects, pp. 545–577. In Ecological Implications of Minilivestock: Potential of Insects, Rodents, Frogs and Snails (edited by Paoletti, M. G.). Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire.Google Scholar
Chavunduka, D. M. (1975) Insects as a source of protein to the African. Rhodesian Science News 9, 217–220.Google Scholar
Chikobvu, S., Chiputwa, B., Langyintuo, A. S., La Rovere, R. and Mwangi, W. M. (2010) Characterization of maize producing households in Masvingo and Bikita districts in Zimbabwe, Country Report – Zimbabwe. AGRITEX – CIMMYT, Nairobi. 27 pp.Google Scholar
Chikodzi, D., Zinhiva, H., Simba, F. M. and Murwendo, T. (2013) Reclassification of agro-ecological zones in Zimbabwe – the rationale, methods and expected benefits: the case of Masvingo Province. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 15, 104–116.Google Scholar
Chung, K.-T., Wong, T. Y., Wei, C., Huang, Y. W. and Lin, Y. (1998) Tannins and human health: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 38, 421–464.Google Scholar
Cook, N. C. and Samman, S. (1996) Flavonoids — Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 7, 66–76.Google Scholar
De, S., Dey, Y. N. and Ghosh, A. K. (2010) Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic evaluation of the different extracts of tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Araceae). International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences 1, 150–157.Google Scholar
Devi, W. S. and Sarojnalini, Ch. (2012) Impact of different cooking methods on proximate and mineral composition of Amblypharyngodon mola of Manipur. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research 2, 641–645.Google Scholar
Dey, N. Y. and Ghosh, A. (2010) Pharmacognostic evaluation and phytochemical analysis of the tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius . International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 2, 44–49.Google Scholar
Duarte, J., Pérez Vizcaíno, F., Utrilla, P., Jiménez, J., Tamargo, J. and Zarzuelo, A. (1993) Vasodilatory effects of flavonoids in rat aortic smooth muscle. Structure-activity relationships. General Pharmacology 24, 857–862.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edeoga, H. O., Okwu, D. E. and Mbaebie, B. O. (2005) Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology 4, 685–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO/WHO/UNU (2001) Human energy requirements: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation, Rome, 17–24 October 2001, FAO, Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.Google Scholar
FAO/WUR (2012) Expert Consultation Meeting: Assessing the Potential of Insects as Food and Feed in Assuring Food Security, 23–25 January 2012 – Summary Report (edited by Vantomme, P., Mertens, E., van Huis, A. and Klunder, H.). FAO, Forestry Department, Rome, Italy, pp. 1–27.Google Scholar
Finke, M. D. (2005) Nutrient content of insects, pp. 1563–1575. In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, Netherlands. doi:10.1007/0-306-48380-7_2920.Google Scholar
Finke, M. D. (2007) Estimate of chitin in raw whole insects. Zoo Biology 26, 105–115. doi:10.1002/zoo.20123.Google Scholar
Francis, G., Kerem, Z., Makkar, H. P. and Becker, K. (2002) The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review. British Journal of Nutrition 88, 587–605.Google Scholar
Hanasaki, Y., Ogawa, S. and Fukui, S. (1994) The correlation between active oxygens scavenging and antioxidative effects of flavonoids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16, 845–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harborne, J. B. (1973) Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London. 288 pp.Google Scholar
Hiai, S., Oura, H. and Nakajima, T. (1976) Color reaction of some sapogenins and saponins with vanillin and sulphuric acid. Planta Medica 29, 116–122.Google Scholar
Hope, R. A., Frost, P. G. H., Gardiner, A. and Ghazoul, J. (2009) Experimental analysis of adoption of domestic mopane worm farming technology in Zimbabwe. Development Southern Africa 26, 29–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Igwe, C. U., Ujowundu, C. O., Nwaogu, L. A. and Okwu, G. N. (2011) Chemical analysis of an edible African termite, Macrotermes nigeriensis, a potential antidote to food security problem. Biochemistry and Analytical Biochemistry 1, 105. doi:10.4172/2161-1009.1000105.Google Scholar
Jimoh, F. O., Adedapo, A. A., Aliero, A. A., Koduru, S. and Afolayan, A. J. (2010) Evaluation of the polyphenolic, nutritive, biological activities of the acetone, methanol and water extracts of Amaranthus asper . The Open Complementary Medicine Journal 2, 7–14.Google Scholar
Kirk, R. S., Sawyer, R. and Pearson, D. (1981) Pearson's Chemical Analysis of Foods. 8th edn. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, Essex. 591 pp.Google Scholar
Lattimer, J. M. and Haub, M. D. (2010) Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. Nutrients 2, 1266–1289. doi:10.3390/nu2121266.Google Scholar
Melo, V., Garcia, M., Sandoval, H., Jiménez, H. D. and Calvo, C. (2011) Quality proteins from edible indigenous insect food of Latin America and Asia. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 23, 283–289.Google Scholar
Middleton, E. and Kandaswami, C. (1993) The impact of plant flavonoids on mammalian biology: implications for immunity, inflammation and cancer, pp. 619–645. In The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1986 (edited by Harborne, I. R.). Chapman & Hall, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, J. and Burt, J. R. (2001) The Composition of Fish. Ministry of Technology, Torry Research Station, Torry Advisory Note No. 38. FAO in partnership with support unit for International Fisheries and Aquatic Research, SIFAR. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fisheries/topic/12318/en.Google Scholar
Musundire, R., Zvidzai, J. C. and Chidewe, C. (2014) Bio-active compounds composition in edible stinkbugs consumed in south-eastern districts of Zimbabwe. International Journal of Biology 6, 36–45. doi:10.5539/ijb.v6n3p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Nutrition Survey of Australia (2006) Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand including recommended dietary intakes. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) publication. Available at: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/n35.pdf.Google Scholar
Newton, L., Watson, D. W., Dove, R., Sheppard, C. and Burtle, G. (2005) Using the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, as a value-added tool for the management of swine manure. Available at: http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files/A2.pdf.Google Scholar
Noonan, S. C. and Savage, G. P. (1999) Oxalate content of foods and its effect on humans. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 8, 64–74.Google Scholar
Obemeata, O. and Ndome, C. (2012) Organoleptic assessment and proximate analysis of stored Tilapia guineensis . Annual Review & Research in Biology 2, 46–52.Google Scholar
Okedi, J. (1992) Chemical evaluation of Lake Victoria lakefly as nutrient source in animal feeds. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 13, 373–376. doi:10.1017/S1742758400013655.Google Scholar
Opitz, S. E. W. and Müller, C. (2009) Plant chemistry and insect sequestration. Chemoecology 19, 117–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pellet, P. L. and Young, V. R. (1990) The role of meat as a source of protein and essential amino acids in human nutrition, pp. 329–370. In Meat and Health: Advances in Meat Research (edited by Pearson, A. M and Dutson, T. R.). Vol.6. Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York.Google Scholar
Peñarrieta, J. M., Alvarado, J. A., Bergenståhl, B. and Åkesson, B. (2007) Spectrophotometric methods for the measurement of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in foods. Revista Boliviana de Quimica 24, 5–9.Google Scholar
Pracheta, V. S., Paliwal, R. and Sharma, S. (2011) Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant potential of hydro-ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. International Journal of PharmTech Research 3, 124–132.Google Scholar
Price, M. L., Van Scoyoc, S. and Butler, L. G. (1978) A critical evaluation of the vanillin reaction as an assay for tannin in sorghum grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 26, 1214–1218.Google Scholar
Rentz, C. F. (1997) Stenopelmatidae, In Insect Families of Costa Rica (edited by Solís, A., Derechos reservados, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica). INBio. Available at: http://www.inbio.ac.cr/papers/insectoscr/Texto237.html.Google Scholar
Sanjoaquin, M. A., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A. and Key, T. J. (2004) Nutrition and lifestyle in relation to bowel movement frequency: a cross-sectional study of 20630 men and women in EPIC-Oxford. Public Health Nutrition 7, 77–83.Google Scholar
Sharma, V., Agarwal, A., Chaudhary, U. and Singh, M. (2013) Phytochemical investigation of various extracts of leaves and stems of Achyranthes aspera Linn. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5 (suppl. 1), 317–320.Google Scholar
Sofowora, A. (1993) Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd (Pub.), Ibadan, Nigeria. 153 pp.Google Scholar
Teffo, S. L., Toms, R. B. and Eloff, J. N. (2007) Preliminary data on the nutritional composition of the edible stink-bug, Encosternum delegorguei Spinola, consumed in Limpopo province, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 103, 434–436.Google Scholar
Toms, R. B. (2001) South African king crickets (Anostostomatidae), pp. 73–78. In The Biology of the Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies (edited by Field, L. H.). CABI Publishing, Wallingford.Google Scholar
Topping, D. L. and Clifton, P. M. (2001) Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiological Reviews 81, 1031–1064.Google Scholar
Vaintraub, I. A. and Lapteva, N. A. (1988) Colorimetric determination of phytate in unpurified extracts of seeds and the products of their processing. Analytical Biochemistry 175, 227–230.Google Scholar
van Huis, A. (2003) Insects as food in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 23, 163–185.Google Scholar
van Huis, A., Van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G. and Vantomme, P. (2013) Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security, FAO Forestry Paper 171, pp. 1–98. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2013.Google Scholar
Weissman, D. B. (2005) Jerusalem cricket? (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus); origins of a common name. American Entomologist 51, 138–139.Google Scholar
Womeni, H. M., Linder, M., Tiencheu, B., Mbiapo, F. T., Villeneuve, P., Fanni, J. and Parmentier, M. (2009) Oils of insects and larvae consumed in Africa: potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. OCL – Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids 16, 230–235.Google Scholar
Womeni, H. M., Tiencheu, B., Linder, M., Chouatcho Nabayo, E. M., Tenyang, N., Tchouanguep Mbiapo, F., Villeneuve, P., Fanni, J. and Parmentier, M. (2012) Nutritional value and effect of cooking, drying and storage process on some functional properties of Rhynchophorus phoenicis . International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research 2, 203–219.Google Scholar