Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T23:18:06.976Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Maintenance of the cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in laboratory culture—II. Determination of larval instars, their growth and modulation of development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

A. K. Singh
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, D-8033 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
H. Rembold*
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, D-8033 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
*
* To whom correspondence should be directed.
Get access

Abstract

The cotton boll worm, Heliothis armigera Hbn, was grown under standard conditions. Parameters are given for identification of larval instars on the basis of head capsule width. Intrastadial weight of larvae in terms of fresh weight is presented for a regular time interval of 12 hr. The maximum larval growth in all the stadia was observed in the first 24 hr after the preceding moult. Weight of larvae was almost constant in the last quarter of the stadium, till they moulted into the next. Although the last instar larvae gained maximum weight amongst all the stadia, their actual growth was minimum. First instar larvae recorded a 13 times increase in body weight in comparison to the last instar larvae with 3.9 times. Fifth instar larvae entered into the prepupal stage after they had completed an age of 60 hr. Temperature had a profound influence on the incubation period of eggs; the higher the temperature, the shorter it was. Between 28 and 36°C the incubation period was almost the same. The maximum tolerance level of constant temperature for the eggs of Heliothis armigera was 37°C.

Résumé

Ayant pour but d'identifier les instars de la chenille des épis du maïs,Heliothis armigera, ce travail présente des paramètres basés sur la largeur de la capsule céphalique. En ce qui concerne cette largeur, chaque instar en comprend une serie bein définie de valeurs avoisinantes qui ne chevauchent point avec celles des autres instars. Dans les instars successifs, une croissance exponentielle de la capsule céphalique a été observée. A intervalles réguliers de 12 hr, les poids frais des larves ont été spécifies pour chaque instar. Un minimum de croissance a été mis au point chez les animaux du dernier instar, Kien qu'ils manifestent un poids maximal. Au cours du dernier instar, le poids des larves augmente d'un facteur de 3.9, tandis que dans ie premier instar, l'augmentation de poids s'élève à un facteur de 13. Dans tous les stades, la croissance maximale s'effectue au cours de 24 hr après la mue précédente. Pendant le dernier quart de chaque instar, le poids des larves demeurait à peu prés constant. Les larves parvenaient au stade de propuce après avoir complete, dans Ie dernier stade larval, un åge de 60 hr. En ce qui concerne les oeufs, leur période d'incubation dépend fortement de la température: la période se raccourcit à mesure que la température monte, ne changeant guère, cependant, entre 28 et 36°C. Maintenus à un niveau de température constant, les oeufs de H. armigera sont en mesure d'en tolérer un maximum de 37°C.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Butler, G.D. (1976) Bollworm development in relation to temperature and larval food. Environ. Entomol. 5, 520522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyar, H. G. (1890) The number of moults of Lepidopteran larvae. Psyche V, 420422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coaker, T. H. (1959) Investigations on Heliothis armigera (Hb.) in Uganda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 50, 487506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, D. H. (1981) Pupal development rate of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under constant and alternating temperatures. J. Austr. Entomol. Soc. 20, 1320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaines, J. C. and Campbell, F. L. (1935) Dyar'sruleas related to thenumber of instars of the corn earworm Heliothis obsoleta (Fabr.) collected in the field. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 28, 445461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardwick, D. F. (1965) The corn earworm complex. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 40, 1247.Google Scholar
Jones, D., Jones, G. and Hammock, B. D. (1981) Growth parameters associated with endocrine events in larval Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) and timing of these events with developmental markers. J. Insect Physiol. 27, 779788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkpatrick, T.H. (1961) Comparative morphological studies of Heliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Queensland. Queensl. J. Agric. Sci. 18, 179194.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, T. H. (1962) Notes on the life-histories of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Queensland. Queensl. J. Agric. Sci. 19, 567570.Google Scholar
Muggli, J. M. and Miller, W. E. (1980) Instar head widths, individual biomass, and developmentrate of forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), at two densities in the laboratory. Great Lakes Entomol. 13, 207209.Google Scholar
Nijhout, H. F. (1975) A threshold size for metamorphosis in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab. Woods Hole 149, 214225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, W. (1965) Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Noctuidae) in Western Tanganyika. 1. Biology with special reference to pupal stage. Bull. entomol. Res. 56, 117125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rembold, H. and Tober, H. (1985) Kairomones as pigeonpea resistance factors against Heliothis armigera. Insect Sci. Applic. 6, 249252.Google Scholar
Rembold, H., Wallner, P. and Singh, A. K. (1989) Attractiveness of volatile chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed components to Heliothis armigera larvae (Lep., Noctuidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 107, 6570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rembold, H., Koehne, A. C. and Schroth, A. (1991) Behavioural response of Heliothis armigera Hbn. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) moths on a synthetic chickpea (Cicer arietinum) kairomone. J. Appl. Entomol. 112, 254262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roach, S. H. and Adkisson, P. L. (1971) Termination of pupal diapause in the boll worm. J. econ. Entomol. 64, 10571060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Room, P. M. (1983) Calculations of temperature-driven development by Heliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Namoi Valley, New South V Jates. J. Austr. Entomol. Soc. 22, 211215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, A. K. and Rembold, H. (1992) Maintenance of the cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in laboratory culture. I. Rearing on synthetic diet. Insect Sci. Applic. (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1960) Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Google Scholar
Twine, P. H. (1978) Variation in the number of larval instars of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Austr. Entomol. Soc. 17, 289292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, A. G. L., Lewis, T. and Cunnigham, R. B. (1979) Overwintering and spring emergence of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) period (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Namoi Valley. Bull. entomol. Res. 69, 1722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar