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Laboratory toxicity of the crude extracts of Piper guineense schum and thonn,Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Parkia clappertoniana (Jacq) to the termites Macrotermes nigeriensis (Sjostedt) (Isoptera: Termitidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Matt F. Ivbijaro ,
V. C. Umeh  and
H. J. W. Mutsaers
Matt F. Ivbijaro
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
V. C. Umeh
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
H. J. W. Mutsaers
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract

Aqueous extracts (5%) of the seeds Parkia clappertoniana (Jacq), Azadirachta indica A. Juss, and Piper guineense Schum and Thonn caused 90% mortalityof the worker caste with P. guineense, and 86% mortality with A. indica and P. clappertoniana respectively within 3 hr of topical application. At 24 hr, mortality of Macrotermes nigeriensis (Sjostedti) workers was 100% with the same concentration of each extract. Oral toxicity at 3 hr to the worker caste using cuttings of cassava, Manihotesculenta Crantz impregnated with each extract gave 65% mortality with Piper, and 45 and 29% with Azadirachta and Parkia, respectively. Mortalityby oral toxicity reached 100% in 12 hr with Piper, 95 and 69%, respectively with Azadirachta and Parkia. Increasing the concentrations of each extract to 15% did not significantly (P > 0.05) increase the toxicities of the extracts to the worker caste even at prolonged exposure periods.

Résumé

Des essais biologiques à une dose des 5% portant sur le termite, Macrotermes nigeriensis (Sjostedti) et utilisant des extraits aqueux de semences de Parkia clappertoniana (Jacq), d' Azadirachta indicaA. Juss et de Piper guineense Schum et Thonn ont entraine 90% de mortalitéau sein de la caste des ouvrières avec une concentration à 5% de P. guineense, et 86% de mortalité avec une concentration à 5% de A. indica et P. clappertoniana respectivement, en l'espace de trois heures après une application tropique.A 24 heures, le taux de mortalité chez les ouvrières s'élevant à 100% avec une concentration à 5% de chaque extrait. La toxicité orale administrée à la caste des ouvrières, à l'aide de boutures de manioc, Manihot esculenta Crantz impregnées de 5% de chaque extrait a donné en 3 hr, 65% de mortalité avec Piper et 45 et 29%, respectivement, avec Azadirachta et Parkia. La mortalité due à toxicité orale a attient 100% en 12 hr avec Piper, 95% et 69% respectivement avec Azadirachta et Parkia. En portant les concentrations de chaque extraits à 15%, il n'a pas été possible d'accroitre de manière significative (P >0,05) les toxicités des extraits pour la caste des ouvrières même si on les expose pendant de plues longues périodes.

Keywords

Macrotermes nigeriensisPiper guineenseAzadirachta indicaParkia clappertonianaoral toxicitydermal toxicityhigh soldierworker castessoldier castes
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , April 1993 , pp. 229 - 233
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1993

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References

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