Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T22:04:40.293Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Integrated Management of Stemborers of Sorghum and Pearl Millet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

K. F. Nwanze
K. F. Nwanze
Affiliation:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Asia Centre, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Get access

Abstract

Several species of stemborers attack sorghum and pearl millet in Africa and Asia. The commonest species on sorghum are Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Busseola fusca (Fuller) and on pearl millet, Contesta ignefusalis (Hampson). This paper discusses control options and the extent to which farmer perceptions of stemborers and associated crop losses have been considered. Examples of research aimed at developing IPM strategies are presented in the context of their impact or lack of it, on the farming community. Research efforts have traditionally focused on the development of resistant cultivare and only recently are they being targeted towards a combination with cultural and biological tactics. Conventional breeding procedures have not produced adequate levels of resistance to stemborers and natural enemies are not effective in regulating borer populations. The prospects of applied biological control and improved intercropping configurations are discussed. Reference is also made to progress in the role of semiochemicals in parasitoid activity on Ch. partellus and sex pheromones in the control of Con. ignefusalis. Unless resistance levels to stemborers are increased through biotechnological approaches, optimisation of the yield potential in existing cultivars requires that IPM research should focus on the improvement of cultural and biological components and should incorporate farmers' perceptions and an assessment of traditional pest management practices.

Résumé

Plusiers espèces de foreurs de tiges attaquent le sorgho et le petit mil en Afrique et en Asie. Les espèces les plus commones dans le cas du sorgho sont Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) et Busseola fusca (Fuller) et dans le cas du petit mil, Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson). Le présent document discute des options de contrôle, et de la mesure dans laquelle les perceptions que les agriculteurs ont des foreurs de tiges et des pertes de cultures associées ont été prises en compte. Des exemples de recherche visant à élaborer des stratégies de lutte intégrée sont présentés dans le contexte de leur impact sur la communauté agricole ou en son absence. Les efforts de recherche ont par le passé été axés sur la mise au point de variétés résistants et c'est seulement récemment qu'ils ont été orientés vers une combinaison d'approches culturelles et biologiques. Les procédures conventionnelles de sélection n'ont pas suscité des niveaux adéquats de résistance aux foreurs de tiges, et les ennemis naturels ne sont pas plus en mesure de réguler les populations de foreurs de tiges. Les perspectives du contrôle biologique appliqué et des configurations inter-cultures améliorées font l'objet de discussion. Référence est également faite au progrès réalisé dans le rôle des produits semio-chimiques dans les activités parasitoïdes sur le Ch. partellus et les phéromones du sexe dans la lutte contre Con. ignefusalis. A moins que les niveaux de résistance aux foreurs de tiges ne soient accrus par le biais d'approches biotechnologiques, l'optimisation du potentiel de rendement dans les variétés existants nécessite que la recherche en matière de lutte intégrée soit axée sur l'amélioration des composantes culturelles et biologiques et devraient inclure les perceptions des agriculteurs et une évaluation des pratiques traditionnelles de luttes contre les déprédateurs.

Keywords

stemborersIPMresistancenatural enemiesfarmerstraditional practicesforeurs de tigeslutte intégréeennemis naturelsagriculteurspratiques traditionnelles
Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 17 , Special Issue 1: Ecology and Management of Tropical Gramineous Stemborers , March 1997 , pp. 1 - 8
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ajayi, O. (1990) Possibilities for integrated control of the millet stem borer. Acigona ignefusalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Nigeria. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 109–117.Google Scholar
Alam, M. M., Beg, M. N. and Ghani, M. A. (1972) Introduction o. Apanteles spp. against graminaceous borers into Pakistan. Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control 15, 1–10.Google Scholar
Appert, J., Betbeder-Matibet, M. and Ranaivosoa, H. (1969) Vingt années de lutte biologique a Madagascar. Agron.Trop. 24, 555–572.Google Scholar
Bako, O. (1977) Etude biologique de Haimbachia ignefusalis (Hamps.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambinae) en vue d'une lutte biologique. These de Maitrise. Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.Google Scholar
Brader, L. (1979) Integrated pest control in the developing world. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 24, 225–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campion, D. G. and Nesbitt, B. F. (1983) The utilization of sex pheromones for the control of stem borers. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 191–197.Google Scholar
Dabrowski, Z. T. and Kidiavai, E. L. (1983) Resistance of some sorghum lines to spotted stalk-bore. Chilo partellus under western Kenya conditions. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 119–126.Google Scholar
Dicke, M. (1994) Local and systemic production of volatile herbivore-induced terpenoids: Their role in plant-carnivore mutualism. J. Plant Physiol. 143, 465–472.Google Scholar
Gahukar, R. T. (1988) Problems and perspectives of pest management in the Sahel: A case study of pearl millet. Trop. Pest Manage. 34, 35–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gahukar, R. T. (1989) Insect pests of millets and their management: A review. Trop. Pest Manage. 35, 382–391.Google Scholar
Gebre-Amlak, A. (1988) Ecology and management of maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in southern Ethiopia including integrated management. Fil. Dr. Thesis, Sveriges Lantbruksuniv, Uppsala, Sweden, 23 pp.Google Scholar
Gilstrap, F. E. (1985) Concepts for biological control of arthropods attacking sorghum, pp. 403–412. In Proc. Int. Sorghum Entomology Workshop, 15–21 July 1984. College Station, Texas, USA. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, A.P. India.Google Scholar
Hall, D. R., Beevor, P. S., Cork, A., Lester, R., Nesbitt, B. F., Nyirenda, G. K. C., Nota Phiri, D. D., Blair, B. W. and Tannock, J. (1981) The female sex pheromone of the maize stalk-borer. Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Identification and initial field trials. Zimbabwe J. Agric. Res. 19, 111–122.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1985) Lepidopterous stem borers of sorghum, pp. 161–167. In Proc. Int. Sorghum Ent. Workshop, 15–21 July 1984, College Station, Texas, USA. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1989a) Recent advances in sorghum and pearl millet stem borer research, pp. 9–16. In Int. Workshopon Sorghum Stem Borers, 17–20 November 1987, ICRISAT Centre. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1989b) Bioecology of sorghum stem borers, pp. 63–71. In Int. Workshop on Sorghum Stem Borers, 17–20 November 1987, ICRISAT Centre. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1990) Bioecology o. Chilo species. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 467–477.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. and Nwanze, K. F. (1992) Busseola fusca (Fuller), the African maize stalk borer: A handbook of information. Information Bulletin No. 33. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India and CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 92 pp.Google Scholar
ICIPE (1993) ICIPE Annual Report for 1992. ICIPE Science Press, Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
Ingram, W. R. (1983) Biological control of graminaceous stem-borers and legume pod-borers. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 206–209.Google Scholar
Minja, E. M. (1990) Management o. Chilo spp. infesting cereals in eastern Africa. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 489–499.Google Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I. (1990) Biological control o. Chilo spp. in maize, sorghum and millet. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 721–732.Google Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I. and Greathead, D. J. (1970) An annotated list of the parasites of graminaceous stem borers in East Africa, with a discussion of their potential in biological control. Entomophaga 15, 241–274.Google Scholar
Ndoye, M. and Gahukar, R. T. (1987) Insect pests of pearl millet in West Africa and their control, pp. 195–205. In Proc. Int. Pearl Millet Workshop, 7–11 April, ICRISAT Centre. ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India.Google Scholar
Ngi-Song, A. J., Overholt, W. A., Ayertey, J. N. and Lwande, W. (1997) Volatile infochemicals in host and host habitat location by Cotesia flavipes Cameron and Cotesia sesamiae Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), two larval parasitoids of gramineous stem borers. J. Chem. Ecol. (In press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. (1985) Sorghum insect pests in West Africa, pp. 37–43. In Proc. Int. Sorghum Entomology Workshop, 15–21 July 1984, College Station, Texas, USA. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. (1991) Components for the management of two insect pests of pearl millet in Sahelian West Africa. Insect Sci. Applic. 12, 673–678.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F., Duale, A. H., Kausalya, K. G. and Reddy, Y. V. R. (1995) Host-plant-insect-parasitoid interactions in sorghum:Case studies with midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola) and stem borer (Chilo partellus) and implications in resistance breeding. In Insect Pest Control for Small Holders in Africa. Integrating Host Plant Resistance and BiologicalControl Seminar. CTA-IAR-IIBC Seminar, Addis Ababa 9–14 October 1995. CTA publication.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. and Harris, K. M. (1992) Insect pests of pearl millet in West Africa. Rev. Agric. Entomol. 80, 1134–1155.Google Scholar
Nwanze, K. F. and Mueller, R. A. E. (1989) Management options for sorghum stem borers for farmers in the semi-arid tropics, pp. 105–113. In Int. Workshop on Sorghum Stem Borers, 17–20 November 1987, ICRISAT Centre, India. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India.Google Scholar
Omolo, E. O., Nyambo, B., Simbi, C. O. J. and Ollimo, P. (1993) The role of host plant resistance and intercropping in integrated pest management (IPM) with specific reference to the Oyugis project. Int. J. Pest Manage. 39, 265–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Omwega, C. O., Kimani, S. W., Overholt, W. A. and Ogol, C. K. P. O. (1995) Evidence of the establishment o. Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in continental Africa. Bull. ent. Res. 85, 525–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polaszek, A. (1992) Cereal stem borers and their parasitoids in Africa. Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society 3, 70–71.Google Scholar
Sagnia, S. B. (1983) Possible integrated pest management tools for the effective control of cereal stem-borers in the Gambia. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 217–219.Google Scholar
Saxena, K. N., Pala Okeyo, A., Seshu Reddy, K. V., Omolo, E. O. and Ngode, L. (1989) Insect management and socio-economic circumstances of small-scale farmers for food crop production in western Kenya: A case study. Insect Sci. Applic. 10, 443–462.Google Scholar
Saxena, K. N., Reddy, K. V. S., Omolo, E. O. and Ngode, L. (1990) Non-pesticidal approach to integrated management of sorghumstem borers for resourcelimited small-scale farmers in Africa. In Proc. Integrated Pest Management in Tropical and Subtropical Cropping Systems Vol. 1, Deutsche, Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, Germany.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K. V. (1984) Integrated approach to the control of sorghum stem borers, pp. 205–215. In Proc. of theInt. Sorghum Entomology Workshop, 15–21 July 1984, ICRISAT Centre. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India.Google Scholar
Sharma, H. C. (1985) Strategies of pest control in sorghum in India. Trop. Pest Manage. 31, 167–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, H. C. (1993) Host-plant resistance to insects in sorghum and its role in integrated pest management. Crop Prot. 12, 11–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, H. C. and Davies, J. C. (1988) Insect and other Animal Pests of Millets. ICRISAT, Patancheru, A.P. India. 151 pp.Google Scholar
Skoroszewski, R. W. and Van Hamburg, H. (1987) The release o. Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenpotera: Braconidae) against stalk borers of maize and grain sorghum in South Africa. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 50, 249–255.Google Scholar
Srivastava, C. P., Pimbert, M. P. and Reed, W. (1992) Monitoring o. Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera (Hübner) moths with light and pheromone traps in India. Insect Sci. Applic. 13, 205–210.Google Scholar
Sukhani, T. R. (1986) Insect pest management in sorghum. Plant Prot. Bull, India 38, 57–61.Google Scholar
Wightman, J. A. (1993) Towards the rational management of the insect pests of tropical legume crops in Asia: Review and remedy, pp. 233–256. In Crop Protection and Sustainable Agriculture, Ciba Foundation Symposium 177.Google Scholar
Youm, O. (1990) Evaluation of natural enemies associated with the millet stalk borer, Haimbachia ignefusalis (Hampson)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Niger. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas USA. 145 pp.Google Scholar
Youm, O. and Beevor, P. S. (1995) Field evaluation of pheromone-baited traps for Coniesta ignefusalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Niger. J. Econ. Entomol. 8. (In press).Google Scholar
Youm, O., Beevor, P. S. and Hall, D. R. (1993) Trap design studies with the pheromone o. C. ignefusalis (Hampson)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sub-Saharan Africa. Int. Org. Biol. Contr. Noxious Animals and Plants, Western Palaeartic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS). Bull. 16, 58–63.Google Scholar
Youm, O., Harris, K. M. and Nwanze, K. F. (1996) Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson), the millet stem borer: A handbook ofinformation. Information Bulletin No. 46. Patancheru 502 324, A.P., ICRISAT. 60 pp.Google Scholar