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Integrated Arthropod Pest Management Systems for Human Health Improvement in Africa
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 September 2011
Abstract
In a sub-Saharan African context, limited natural resources, infectious diseases, including those transmitted by arthropod vectors, and chronic exposure to food contaminated with mycotoxin-producing fungi which, among others, are vectored by insects, are among the major constraints to human health. Thus, pest control should be an important component in human health improvement projects. It appears that the advantages of preventive over curative methods are rarely recognised in Africa, with more emphasis being given to the search for the ‘silver bullet’ than to integrated control approaches. Integrated pest management (IPM) systems can be assigned to different decision-making levels as well as to different integration levels, combining ecological (individual pest species, species communities, species assemblages) and management (crop, cropping systems, farms, communities) levels with the respective control systems. These levels produce a highly structured environment for decision-making, in which the use of modern information technology is important. Case studies show that IPM systems are developed and implemented at four integration levels, whereby most work is done on the lowest integration level, addressing a single pest or pest complex attacking a particular crop, group of livestock or human population, and the respective control measures undertaken. Coordinated efforts to develop and implement supplementary IPM systems at higher levels are concluded to be important elements in integrated pest management and a further contribution to human health improvement and poverty alleviation.
Résumé
Dans le contexte de l'Afrique sub-Saharienne, les ressources naturelles limitées, les maladies infectieuses comprenant celles transmises par les arthropodes vecteurs, et l'exposition chronique aux aliments contaminés par les champignons produisant des mycotoxines lesquels, parmi d'autres, sont transmis par les insectes, font partie des contraintes majeures à la santé humaine. Ainsi, le contrôle des nuisibles devrait être une composante importante dans les projets d'amélioration de la santé humaine. Il apparaît cependant que les avantages des méthodes préventives par rapport aux méthodes curatives sont rarement reconnus en Afrique, avec plus d'attention accordée à la recherche de solutions miracles qu'aux approches de lutte intégrée. Les systèmes de lutte intégrée (LI) peuvent êtres attribués à plusieurs niveaux de décision aussi bien qu'à différents niveaux d'intégration, combinant les niveaux écologiques (nuisibles individuels, communautés d'espèces, assemblages d'espèces) et de gestion (culture, systèmes de culture, champs, communautés) avec les systèmes respectifs de contrôle. Ces niveaux produisent un environnement hautement structuré
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References
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