Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T23:16:00.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Insect resistant sorghums in pest management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

George L. Teetes
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

The agroecosystem is the basic unit of consideration in the integrated pest management approach. The target crop within this ecological system and its level of susceptibility to insect pest species is of fundamental importance, and can be altered genetically through breeding for pest resistance. The relative level of pest resistance as influenced by pest density, demands a knowledge of pest density and plant damage (yield) relationships. An understanding of these relationships leads to the determination of economic injury levels and subsequently to the establishment of dynamic economic threshold levels. Comparing the economic injury level of insect resistant cultivars to that of susceptible cultivars defines the resistance level and provides the base-line data on which to quantify the effects of other direct control tactics and natural pest density suppressing agents.

Insect resistant sorghums are used as a model to examine the unique values of this tactic as a component in an integrated pest management strategy; the role they play, and how they influence other direct control and support tactics.

Résumé

L'agroécosystème est l'unité de base pour une approche de lutte intégrée. Dans cet écosystème, la culture-clé et son niveau de susceptibilité aux espèces d'insectes ravageurs sont fondamentals et peuvent être modifiés par l'amélioration génétique de la résistance aux espèces nuisibles. Une connaissance des relations densité d'insectes et perte de rendement est nécessaire car le niveau de résistance depend de la densité des insectes présents, la compréhension de ces relations permet de déterminer les seuils de pertes économiques et donc d'établir une échelle dynamique des seuils d'action. La comparaison des seuils de pertes économiques des variétés résistantes et des variétés susceptibles définit le niveau de résistance et fournit des données de base qui permettent de quantifier les effets de tactiques de contrôle direct ou d'agents naturels suppresseurs d'insectes.

Les sorghos résistant aux insectes sont utilisés comme modèle pour étudier les caractéristiques uniques de cette tactique en tant que composante d'une stratégie de lutte intégrée. Le role de ces sorghos et la manière dont ils influencent les méthodes de contrôle direct et indirect sont également étudiées.

Type
Section VI: Host plant resistance and pest management
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ball, C. R. and Hastings, S. N. (1912) Grain sorghum production in the San Antonio region of Texas. U.S. Dept Agric. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 237, 1225.Google Scholar
Baxendale, F. P. and Teetes, G. L. (1983a) Factors influencing adult emergence from diapausing sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Environ. Ent. 12, 10641067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxendale, F. P. and Teetes, G. L. (1983b) Thermal requirements for emergence of overwintered sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Environ. Ent. 12, 10781082.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxendale, F. P., Lippincott, C. L. and Teetes, G. L. (1983) Biology and seasonal abundance of hymenopterous para-sitoids of sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Environ. Ent. 12, 871877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxendale, F. P., Teetes, G. L. and Sharpe, P. J. H. (1984a) Temperature-dependent model for sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) spring emergence. Environ. Ent. 13, 15661571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxendale, F. P., Teetes, G. L., Sharpe, P. J. H. and Wu, H. (1984b) Temperature-dependent model for development of nondiapausing sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Environ. Ent. 13, 15721576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becerra, M. I., Teetes, G. L. and Peterson, G. C. (1984) Combined effects of sorghum midge resistant hybrids and insecticidal control. Sorghum Newsl. 27, 99100.Google Scholar
Berquist, R. R., Rotar, P. and Mitchell, W. C. (1974) Midge and anthracnose head blight resistance in sorghum. Trop. Agric. 51, 431535.Google Scholar
Bowden, J. (1965) Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coq.), and other causes of grain sorghum loss in Ghana. Bull. ent. Res. 56, 169189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, J. and Neve, R. A. (1953) Sorghum midge and resistant varieties in the Gold Coast. Nature 172, 551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callan, E. McC. (1941) Some economic aspects of the gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) with special reference to the West Indies. Trop. Agric. 17, 6366.Google Scholar
Crawford, J. C. (1907) New North American Hymenoptera. Jl N. Y. ent. Soc. 15, 177181.Google Scholar
Dean, W. H. (1910) Some notes upon the life history and habits of the sorghum midge. J. econ. Ent. 3, 205207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, R. W. and Teetes, G. L. (1982) Effects of moisture on sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) emergence. Environ. Ent. 11, 946948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, R. W., Teetes, G. L. and Baxendale, F. P. (1982) Effects of time of day and temperature on sorghum midge emergence and oviposition. Tex. Agric. exp. Sta. No. PR-4029.Google Scholar
Gable, C. H., Baker, W. A. and Woodruff, L. C. (1928) The sorghum midge, with suggestion for control. USDA Farm. Bull. No. 1566.Google Scholar
Hallman, G. J. and Teetes, G. L. (1984) Diapause of the sorghum midge in two resistant and one susceptible sorghum hybrids in Texas in 1981. Sorghum Newsl. 27, 98.Google Scholar
Hallman, G. J., Teetes, G. L. and Johnson, J. W. (1984) Relationship of sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) density to damage to resistant and susceptible sorghum hybrids. J. econ. Ent. 11, 8387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, J. A. (1965) Ecological factors concerning the sorghum midge during 1964. Tex. Agric. exp. Sta. No. MP-773.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1964) The sorghum midge complex (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Bull. ent. Res. 55, 233247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1969) The sorghum midge. Wld Crops 21, 176179.Google Scholar
Harris, K. M. (1970) The sorghum midge. PANS 16, 3642.Google Scholar
Hoelscher, C. E. and Teetes, G. L. (1981) insect and mite pests of sorghum-management approaches. Tex. Agric. exp. Ser. Pub. No. B-1220.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. W., Rosenow, D. T., Miller, F. R. and Schertz, K. R. (1971) Sorghum breeding and improvement. In Grain Sorghum Research in Texas—1970, pp. 4657. Tex. Agric. exp. Sta. Consol. No. PR-2938–2949.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. W., Rosenow, D. T. and Teetes, G. L. (1973) Resistance to the sorghum midge in coverted exotic sorghum cultivars. Crop Sci. 13, 745755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karanjkar, R. R. and Chundurwar, R. D. (1978) Losses to jowar cob in relation to adult midge population. Sorghum Newsl. 21, 5556.Google Scholar
Limonti, M. R. and Villata, C. A. (1980) Forma de deteetar la presencia de la “mosquita del sorgo” Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) y medidas para su control. Instituto Nacional tec. Agropec. Divulgacion Tec. 5. Manfredi, Argentina.Google Scholar
Lippincott, C. L. and Teetes, G. L. (1983) Biology and nature of parasitism of hymenopterous parasitoids of sorghum midge. Tex. Agric. exp. Sta. No. PR-4146.Google Scholar
Martins, A. J. (1977) Influencia do teor de tanino en genotipos de sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, sobre o ataque da Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett, 1998) (Dip., Cecidomyiidae). M.S. thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza.Google Scholar
Melton, K. D. and Teetes, G. L. (1984) Effects of resistant sorghum hybrids on sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) biology. J. econ. Ent. 11, 626631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montoya, E. L. (1965) Bionomics and control of the sorghum midge Contarina sorghicola (Coquillett). Texas A&M Univ. thesis.Google Scholar
Newell, W. and Barber, T. C. (1913) The Argentine ant. USDA Bur. Ent. Bull. No. 122.Google Scholar
Overman, J. L. (1975) Some perspectives on insect problems of sorghum in Brazil. In International Sorghum Workshop, pp. 322329. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez.Google Scholar
Painter, R. H. (1958) Resistance of plants to insects. A. Rev. Ent. 3, 267290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passlow, T. (1958) Parasites of sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coq.), in Queensland. Qd J. agric. Sci. 15, 3536.Google Scholar
Passlow, T. (1965) Bionomics of sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghicola (Coq.)) in Queensland, with particular reference to diapause. Qd J. agric. Anim. Sci. 22, 149167.Google Scholar
Passlow, T. (1973) Insect pest of grain sorghum. Qd agric. J. 99, 620628.Google Scholar
Pitre, H. M., Roth, J. P. and Gourley, L. M. (1975) The sorghum midge in Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Forestry exp. Stn Bull. No. 836.Google Scholar
Priore, R. and Viggian, G. (1965) Contarinia sorghicola Coq. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) and its parasites in Italy. Boll. Lab. Ent. agric. Filippo Silvestri 23, 136.Google Scholar
Rossetto, C. J. (1977) Tipos de resistancia de sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a Contarinia sorghicolor (Coquillett, 1898). Tese de Livre Docente, Universidade Estudual Paulista ‘Julio de Mesquita Filho’, Jaboticabal.Google Scholar
Rossetto, C. J. (1983) Heranca da resistencia da veriedade de sorgo AF-28 a Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett). Bragantia 42, 211219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossetto, C. J., Goncalves, W. and Diniz, J. L. M. (1975) Resistencia de AF-28 a mosca do sorgo, Contarinia sorghicola, na ausencia de outras variedades. Anais Soc. ent. Brasil 4, 1620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, J. H. R. and Carmo, C. M. (1974) Evaluation of resistance to Contarinia sorghicola by sorghum lines from Cameroon, Africa, collection in Ceara, Brazil. Sorghum Newsl. 17, 1011.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K. V. and Davies, J. C. (1979) Pests of sorghum and pearl millet, and their parasites and predators, recorded at ICRISAT Center, India up to August 1979. Dept. Prog. Rep. 2, 2122.Google Scholar
Stephens, J. C., Miller, F. R. and Rosenow, D. T. (1967) Conversion of alien sorghums to early combine genotypes. Crop Sci. 7, 396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taley, Y. M. and Garg, D. O. (1976) Tapinoma indicum Forel (Formicidae; Hymenoptera) a new predatory ant of jowar midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera). Cecidologia indica 11, 7779.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L. (1975) Insect resistance and breeding strategies in sorghum. Proceedings 30th Annual Corn and Sorghum Research Conference, pp. 3248.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L. (1979) Overview of pest management and host plant resistance in U.S. sorghum. In Biology and Breeding for Resistance to Arthropods and Pathogens in Agricultural Plants Edited by Harris, M. K.), pp. 181223. Texas Agric. exp. Sta, Texas A&M University System, College Station.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L. (1980) Breeding sorghums resistant to insects. In Breeding Plants Resistant to Insects (Edited by Maxwell, F. G. and Jennings, P. R.), pp. 457485. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L. (1982) Sorghum insect pest management. In Sorghum in the Eighties (Edited by House, L. R., Mughogho, L. K. and Peacock, J. M.), Vol. 1, pp. 225235. ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L. and Johnson, J. W. (1978) Insect resistance in sorghum. In Proceedings 33rd Annual Corn and Sorghum Research Conference, pp. 167189. Chicago, Illinois.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L., Schaefer, C. A., Johnson, J. W. and Rosenow, D. T. (1974) Resistance in sorghums to the greenbug: field evaluation. Crop Sci. 14, 707709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teetes, G. L., Johnson, J. W. and Rosenow, D. T. (1975) Response of improved resistant sorghum hybrids to natural and artificial greenbug populations. J. econ. Ent. 68, 546548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, E. V. (1941) The biology and control of the sorghum midge. USDA Tech. Bull. No. 778.Google Scholar
Waquil, J. M., Teetes, G. L. and Peterson, G. C. (1984) Oviposition behaviour of sorghum midge on resistant and susceptible sorghum hybrids. Sorghum Newsl. 27, 95.Google Scholar
Widstrom, N. W., Wiseman, B. R. and McMillian, W. W. (1972) Some gene effects conditioning resistance to midge and webworm injury in sorghum. Sorghum Newsl. 15, 2223.Google Scholar
Wiseman, B. R. and McMillian, W. W. (1968) Resistance in sorghum to the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). J. Georgia ent. Soc. 4, 1522.Google Scholar
Wiseman, B. R. and McMillian, W. W. (1970a) Preference of sorghum midge among selected sorghum lines, with notes on overwintering midges and parasite emergence. USDA Prod. Res. Rpt No. 122.Google Scholar
Wiseman, B. R. and McMillian, W. W. (1970b) Parasites of the sorghum midge. Sorghum Newsl. 13, 21.Google Scholar
Wiseman, B. R., McMillian, W. W. and Widstrom, N. W. (1973) Registration of SGIRL-MR-1 sorghum germplasm. Crop Sci. 13, 398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiseman, B. R., McMillian, W. W. and Widstrom, N. W. (1974) Techniques, accomplishments, and future potential of breeding for resistance in corn to the corn earworm, fall armyworm, and maize weevil; and in sorghum to the sorghum midge. In Proceedings of the Summer Institute on Biological Control of Plant Insects and Diseases (Edited by Maxwell, F. G. and Harris, F. A.), pp. 381393. University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, Miss.Google Scholar
Wuensche, A. L. (1980) An assessment of plant resistance to the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola, in selected lines of Sorghum bicolor. Ph. D. dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station.Google Scholar