Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-nptnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-12T20:05:51.593Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Forecasting the severity of armyworm seasons in East Africa from early season rainfall

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

M. R. Tucker
M. R. Tucker
Affiliation:
Tropical Development and Research Institute, College House, Wrights Lane, London W8 5SJ, U.K.
Get access

Abstract

The relationship between seasonal numbers of outbreaks of African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) in Kenya and Tanzania, and early season rainfall in source areas has been examined using records for 21 seasons. Significant inverse relationships were found between numbers of Kenya outbreaks and early season rains in the Kisumu area, and between numbers of Tanzania outbreaks and early season rains in the Morogoro and Mtwara areas. Total Kenya and Tanzania outbreak numbers were significantly inversely related to early season rainfall for 8 areas combined. These results suggest that early season rainfall totals, either from specific likely source areas or countrywide, could be used in January to give a seasonal forecast of likely numbers of armyworm outbreaks during the rest of the season. Seasons with more than average numbers of outbreaks often follow poor early season rains and visa versa. Further work is needed to establish biological causes of this apparent relationship.

Résumé

Le rapport entre les chiffres d'attaques au Kenya et en Tanzanie par la chemille légionnaire africain (Spodoptera exempta) et la pluviosité du début de saison a été examiné en utilisant des données pour 21 saisons. Des rapports inverses significatifs ont été trouvés entre le nombre d'attaques au Kenya et des pluies précoces dans la région de Kisumu et pareillement entre le nombre d'attaques en Tanzanie et des pluies précoces dans les régions de Morogoro et Mtwara. La totalité des attaques au Kenya et en Tanzanie se trouvait en rapport inverse significatif avec les pluies précoces dans une combinaison de huit régions. Ces résultats offrent la perspective d'utiliser au mois de janvier des chiffres globaux de pluviosité précoce dans les régions éventuellement génératrices des attaques, ou bien dans les pays entiers, pour prévoir le nombre probable d'attaques par la chemille légionnaire pendant le reste de la saison. D'habitude les attaques se révèlent plus nombreux dans les saisons ou les pluies précoces sont rares, et réciproquement. La détermination des raisons biologiques de ce rapport apparent exige des travaux complémentaires.

Keywords

Spodoptera exemptarainfallKenyaTanzaniaseasonal forecastsSpodoptera exemptapluieKenyaTanzaniaprévisions saisonnière
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , February 1984 , pp. 51 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Brown, E. S. (1965) Biological and ecological aspects of research on the African armyworm. J. appl. Ecol. 2, 405.Google Scholar
Brown, E. S. and Swaine, G. (1965) New evidence on the migration of moths of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walk) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Bull. ent. Res. 56, 671–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, E. S., Betts, E. and Rainey, R. C. (1969) Seasonal changes in distribution of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Wlk) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), with special reference to eastern Africa. Bull. ent. Res. 58, 661–728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, J. C. (1943) Phase variation in the armyworm, Laphygma exempta (Walk). Dept. Agric. For. S. Africa Sei. Bull. No. 234, 17 pp.Google Scholar
Hattingh, C. C. (1941) The biology and ecology of the Armyworm (Laphygma exempta) and its control in South Africa. Dept. Agric. For. S. Afr. Sei. Bull. No. 217, 50 pp.Google Scholar
Mörth, H. T. (1970) A study of the areal and temporal distribution of rainfall anomalies in East Africa. Proc. Symp. Trop. Met., Honolulu.Google Scholar
Odiyo, P. O. (1979) Forecasting infestations of a migrant pest: the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B287, 403–413.Google Scholar
Odiyo, P. O. (1981) Developments of the first outbreaks of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walk) between Kenya and Tanzania during the ‘off-season’ months of July-December. Insect Sei. Application 1, 305–318.Google Scholar
Rose, D. J. W. (1979) The significance of low-density populations of the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B287, 393–402.Google Scholar
Trapnell, C. G. and Langdale-Brown, I. (1962) The natural vegetation of East Africa In The Natural Resources of East Africa (Edited by Russell, E. W.), pp. 92–102.Google Scholar
Tucker, M. R. and Pedgley, D. E. (1983) Rainfall and outbreaks of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walk) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bull. ent. Res. 73, 195–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, M. R., Mwandoto, S. and Pedgley, D. E. (1982) Further evidence for windborne movement of armyworm moths, Spodoptera exempta in East Africa. Ecol. Ent. 7, 463–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar