Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T05:05:15.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Design and placement of synthetic sex pheromone traps for cacao mirids in Ghana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 January 2018

J.E. Sarfo ,
C.A.M. Campbell  and
D.R. Hall
J.E. Sarfo
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, PO Box 8, New Tafo, Ghana
C.A.M. Campbell*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
D.R. Hall
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Cacao mirids (Sahlbergella singularis, Distantiella theobroma and Bryocoropsis laticollis) were captured in pheromone traps releasing a 2:1 blend of the sex pheromone components of the two first named species in a series of five experiments on cacao (Theobroma cacao) plantations in Ghana. A total of 835 cacao mirids were caught, all male, 95% of which were S. singularis, 3% D. theobroma and 2% B. laticollis. Two sticky trap and two water trap designs made from locally available materials were as effective for capturing S. singularis and total mirids as the best sticky trap from previously reported studies. Coating the outer surface of a large water trap with sticker increased the catch 4.4×, and 2.7× for a cylindrical sticky trap. Sticker on the outside of the water trap also increased the inside catch of S. singularis by 76% and total mirids by 71%. The numbers of S. singularis and D. theobroma trapped increased with increasing trap elevation and were highest around canopy level. Those traps caught an average 12× more mirids than traps at 1.8 m, the height recommended currently. Therefore, large water traps coated with sticker and aligned with the cacao canopy should raise the current capture rates of pheromone traps for cacao mirids about 50×, which may be sufficient for effective pest management by mass trapping without synthetic insecticides.

Keywords

MiridTheobroma cacaopheromone trapSahlbergella singularisDistantiella theobromaBryocoropsis laticollis
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 38 , Issue 2 , June 2018 , pp. 122 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anikwe, J. C. and Makanjuola, W. A. (2013) Effectiveness of some ecological pest management practices against the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Nigeria. The Zoologist 11, 1–6.Google Scholar
Ayenor, G. K., Van Huis, A., Obeng-Ofori, D., Padi, B. and Röling, N. G. (2007) Facilitating the use of alternative capsid control methods towards sustainable production of organic cocoa in Ghana. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 27, 85–94.Google Scholar
Babin, R., Sounigo, O., Dibog, L. and Nyassé, S. (2004) Field tests for antixenosis and tolerance of cocoa towards mirids. INGENIC Newsletter 9, 45–50.Google Scholar
Bhardwajt, S. P. and Chander, R. (1992) Design and placement of synthetic sex attractant traps for monitoring apple leaf roller, Archips pomivora Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Indian orchards. Tropical Pest Management 38, 61–64.Google Scholar
Bisseleua, D. H. B., Yede, and Vidal, S. (2011) Dispersion models and sampling of cacao mirid bug Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Theobroma cacao in Southern Cameroon. Environmental Entomology 40, 111–119.Google Scholar
Collingwood, C. A. (1977) African mirids, pp. 71–76. In Les Mirides du Cacaoyer (edited by Lavabre, E. M.). Maisonneuve and Larose, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Collingwood, C. A. and Marchart, H. (1971) Chemical control of capsids and other insect pests in cocoa rehabilitation, pp. 89–99. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Cocoa Research Conference. 23–29 November, Accra, Ghana, Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, Ghana.Google Scholar
Downham, M. C. A., Cork, A., Farman, D., Hall, D. R., Innoccenzi, P., Phythian, S., Padi, B., Lowor, S. and Sarfo, J. E. (2002) Sex pheromone components of the cocoa mirids, Distantiella theobroma (Dist.) and Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. (Heteroptera: Miridae), p. 167. In Abstract Book, 19th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology. 3–7 August 2002, Hamburg, Germany International Society of Chemical Ecology, Kentucky, USA. Available at: http://www.chemecol.org/programs/2002.pdf.Google Scholar
Entwistle, P. F. (1972) Pests of Cocoa. Longman Group Ltd, London. 779 pp.Google Scholar
Entwistle, P. F., Johnson, C. G. and Dunn, E. (1959) New pests of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Ghana following applications of insecticides. Nature 184, 2040–2041.Google Scholar
Gibbs, D. G., Pickett, A. D. and Leston, D. (1968) Seasonal population changes in cocoa capsids (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research 58, 279–293.Google Scholar
Ishimoto, M., Sato, H., Muraoka, Y., Aoki, Y., Takita, M., Noguchi, T., Fukumoto, T., Mochizuki, F., Takahashi, A. and Higuchi, H. (2006) Monitoring adult rice leaf bug, Trigonotylus caelestialium (Kirkaldy) (Heteroptera: Miridae), with a synthetic sex pheromone trap in paddy fields. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 50, 311–318.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. G. (1962) Capsids: A review of current knowledge, pp. 316–331. In Agriculture and Land Use in Ghana (edited by Wills, J. B.). Oxford University Press, London, New York.Google Scholar
Lavabre, E. M., Decelle, J. and Debord, F. (1963) Etude de l'evolution regionale et saisonniere des populations des Mirides (Capsides) en Cote d'Ivoire. Café, Cacao, Thé 7, 267–289.Google Scholar
Mahob, J. R., Babin, R., ten Hoopen, G. M., Dibog, L., Yede, , Hall, D. R. and Bilong Bilong, C. F. (2011) Field evaluation of synthetic sex pheromone traps for the cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Pest Management Science 67, 672–676.Google Scholar
Mahrizal, L., Nalley, L., Dixon, B. L. and Popp, J. (2012) Necessary price premiums to incentivize Ghanaian organic cocoa production: A phased, orchard management approach. HortScience 47, 1617–1624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBrien, H. L. and Millar, J. G. (1999) Phytophagous bugs, pp. 277–304. In Pheromones of Non-Lepidopteran Insects Associated with Agricultural Plants (edited by Hardie, J. and Minks, A. K.). CAB International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
McBrien, H. L., Judd, G. J. R. and Borden, J. H. (1996) Potential for pheromone-based mating disruption of the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae). The Canadian Entomologist 128, 1057–1064.Google Scholar
Murlis, J., Willis, M.A. and Cardé, R. T. (2000) Spatial and temporal structures of pheromone plumes in fields and forests. Physiological Entomology 25, 211–222.Google Scholar
Owusu-Manu, E. (1994) Capsid thrust; mirid population. Annual Report of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana 1991/92, pp. 138–139.Google Scholar
Owusu-Manu, E. (2002) New approach to mirid control on mature cocoa. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 35, 111–120.Google Scholar
Padi, B., Oduor, G. and Hall, D. R. (2002) Development of mycoinsecticides and pheromones for cocoa mirids in Ghana. Final Technical Report. l October 1998–31 March 2002. 53 pp. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08d38e5274a31e000170c/R7249_FTR.pdf.Google Scholar
Perry, J. N., Wall, C. and Greenway, A. R. (1980) Latin square designs in field experiments involving insect sex attractants. Ecological Entomology 5, 385–396.Google Scholar
Pimentel Gomes, F. (1970) 281. Note: An extension of the method of joint analysis of experiments in complete randomised blocks. Biometrics 26, 332–336. doi: 10.2307/2529081.Google Scholar
Sarfo, J. E., Padi, B., Hall, D. H., Downham, M. C. and Ackonor, J. B. (2007) Effects of cocoa mirid pheromone trap positioning and density on trap catches, pp. 1635–1644. In Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference. 9–14 October 2006, San Jose, Costa Rica, Cocoa Producers Alliance, Lagos Nigeria.Google Scholar
SGER. (2013) State of the Ghana economy report, 2013. The Institute of Statistical Social & Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon (Accra), Ghana. Available at: https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/isser-launches-2013-state-ghanaian-economy-report (accessed 21 March 2016).Google Scholar
Stapley, J. H. and Hammond, P. S. (1959) Large scale trials with insecticides against capsids on cocoa in Ghana. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, 343–353.Google Scholar
Storberget, S. (2014) Catching the European tarnished plant bug Lygus rugulipennis using baited funnel traps. MSc thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 36 pp. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11250/225347 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/225348 (accessed 21 March, 2016).Google Scholar
Thomson, D. R., Gut, L. J. and Jenkins, J.W. (1999) Pheromones for insect control, pp. 385–412. In Methods in Biotechnology, Volume 5: Biopesticides Use and Delivery (edited by Hall, F. R. and Menn, J. J.). Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, USA.Google Scholar
Trematerra, P., Fontana, F. and Mancini, M. (1996) Effects of accumulated dead and alive insects in trap on the capture of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz 69, 3–9.Google Scholar
Witzgall, P., Kirsch, P. and Cork, A. (2010) Sex pheromones and their impact on pest management. Journal of Chemical Ecology 36, 80–100.Google Scholar
Yasuda, T. and Higuchi, H. (2012) Sex pheromones of Stenotus rubrovittatus and Trigonotylus caelestialium, two mirid bugs causing pecky rice, and their application to insect monitoring in Japan. Psyche 2012, Article ID 435640.Google Scholar
Yonce, C. E., Gentry, C. R., Tumlinson, J. H., Doolittle, R. E. and Nielsen, D. G. (1976) Lesser peachtree borer: Influence of trap height, substrates, concentration and trap design on capture of male moths with females and with a synthetic pheromone. Environmental Entomology 5, 417–420. doi: 10.1093/ee/5.3.417.Google Scholar