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Current status of conventional insecticides in stored product insect management in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

T. D. Yadav
T. D. Yadav
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi—110012, India
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Abstract

DDT and BHC were used prior to 1954 as grain protectant but gradually malathion was adopted as prophylactic spray at 50 mg/m2. However, during the continuous usage, doses were enhanced up to 150 mg/m2 to meet the level of effective kill. Toxicity studies on different surfaces, seeds, moisture content level, different insects and stages and emergence of resistance were carried out with respect to malathion and several newer insecticides. DDVP was incorporated in spray schedule at 100 mg/m2. Toxicity data on 17 insecticides, three formulations, persistence on six surfaces and three seeds, tests on 13 insects have been utilized to evolve a strategy for future developments of a prophylactic insecticides. Demerits of switching to new insecticides without broad-based toxicity data have also been advocated. Insects, such as, larva of Trogoderma granarium Everts and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Rhizopertha dominica Fab., Callosobruchus maculatus Fab., Lasioderma serricorne Fab. and Sitophilus oryzae Linn, among beetles and Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) and Corcyra cephalonica Staint from moths were found least susceptible to most of the insecticides. Etrimfos and deltamethrin were adjudged superior for large scale use specially as wettable powder and adjudged suitable to sub-tropical conditions. The paper also provides information on currently used insecticides in India, methods of grain storage at rural and organized level and various constraints faced in the developing countries.

Résumé

Le DDT et le BHC ont été utilisés jusqu'en 1954 afin de protéger les récoltes. Un traitement prophylactique utilisant 50 mg/m2 de malathion les a peu à peu remplacés. Du à l'utilisation permanente de ces traitements les doses ont été élevées à 150 mg/m2 pour obtenir le seuil d'efficacité. Des études sur l'effet toxique du malathion sur différentes surfaces traitées même sur les récoltes, sur différents insectes, leurs stades et l'apparition de résistance contre le malathion et d'autres insecticides nouveaux ont été publiés. Le DDVP a été incorporé dans des programmes d'utilisation par spray (100 mg/m2). Des mesures de la toxicité de 17 insecticides, 3 formulations, la persistence sur 6 surfaces et 3 sortes de grains, des tests sur 13 insectes ont été utilisés pour élaborer une stratégie pour des développements d'insecticides prophylactiques d'avenir. L'utilisation d'insecticides nouveaux peut aussi présenter des désavantages, l'étude de leurs toxicités sur un grand nombre d'espèces est ainsi également recommandée. Des insects tels, les larves de Trogoderma granarium Everts et les adultes de Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Rhizopertha dominica Fab., Callosobruchus maculatus Fab., Lasioderma serricorne Fab. et Sitophilus oryzae Linn. parmi les coléoptères et Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) et Corcyra cephalonica Staint parmi les mites se sont montrés moins sensibles à la plupart des insecticides. Etrimphos et deltamethrin se sont montrés supérieurs pour le traitement massif particulièrment sous forme de poudre humide (conditions utilisables dans les régions sub-tropicales.) Cette communication contient aussi des informations concernant les insecticides utilisés aux Indes, sur les méthodes de stockage de récoltes au niveau rural et entreprises organisées, de même sur les différentes contraintes rencontrées dans les pays en voie de développement.

Keywords

Prophylacticimpregnated duststackphytotoxicresiduetoxicitybiological efficacydustemulsionseed treatmentwettable powderbioefficacyecological zonepersistenceinsecticidal specificitytolerantsusceptiblesub-lethal doseLC50toxicity ratiointernal larvaexternal larvaefficaceoussocio-economicinsect pest complextraditionalpest managementpackage of practicesresistancecost benefit ratio.
Type
Symposium VII: Conventional and Novel Pesticides in Tropical Pest Management
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 4-5-6: Recent Advances in Research on Tropical Entomology , December 1987 , pp. 703 - 707
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

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References

REFERENCES

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