Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:51:45.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparison of Toxic and Repellent Effects of Lantana Camara L. with Tephrosia Vogelii Hook and a Synthetic Pesticide Against Sitophilus Zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Maize Grain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. O. Ogendo ,
S. R. Belmain ,
A. L. Deng  and
D. J. Walker
J. O. Ogendo
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
S. R. Belmain*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
A. L. Deng
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
D. J. Walker
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
*
Corresponding author: SRB. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The insecticidal and repellent properties of Lantana camara and Tephrosia vogelii were evaluated against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored maize grain. Five treatment rates (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% w/w) of each powdered plant material, an untreated control and a synthetic insecticide (Actellic Super™ 2% dust) were used to investigate treatment efficacy on mortality of the adult insect (five to eight days old), F1 progeny emergence and repellency against S. zeamais adults. After 21 days, L. camara and T. vogelii caused 82.7–90.0% and 85.0–93.7% insect mortality, respectively. The mean lethal exposure times (LT50) to achieve 50% mortality varied from five to six days (7.5–10.0% w/w) to seven to eight days (2.5–5.0% w/w) for both plants. Probit regression analysis showed a significant relationship between plant powder concentration and insect mortality. The plant powders and synthetic insecticide reduced adult F1 insects by more than 75% compared to the untreated control. Tephrosia vogelii was most repellent to S. zeamais at 7.5–10.0% (w/ w), repelling 87.5% of the insects, followed by T. vogelii at 2.5% w/w and L. camara at 10% w/w which repelled 65.0 and 62.5% of insects respectively. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of smallscale farmer usage of these plants for stored product protection.

Résumé

Les propriétés insecticides et répulsives de Lantana camara et Tephrosia vogelii ont été évaluées contre Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) sur du maïs stocké en grain. Le matériel végétal de chaque espèce, réduit en poudre, a été appliqué à cinq concentrations (1,0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 et 10,0%), et comparé à un insecticide synthétique (Actellic Super™ 2% en poudre) et à un témoin non-traité. L'efficacité des traitements a été évaluée en mesurant la mortalité des adultes (âgés de cinq à huit jours), l'émergence de la descendance des F1, et l'effet répulsif sur les adultes. Après 21 jours, la mortalité provoquée par L. camara est comprise entre 82,7 et 90,0%, celle causée par T. vogelii entre 85,0 et 93,7%. Pour les deux plantes, les temps moyens d'exposition léthale, entrainant une mortalité de 50% (LT50), varient de cinq à six jours (7,5 et 10,0% m/m) et de 7 à 8 jours (2,5 et 5,0% m/m). Une analyse de régression Probit a démontré une relation significative entre la mortalité des insectes et la concentration des poudres végétales utilisées. L'application de ces poudres végétales, comme l'insecticide synthétique, entraine une réduction deplus de 75% de la descendance en F1, par rapport au témoin non-traité. Tephrosia vogelii s'avère être le plus répulsif contre S. zeamais,

Keywords

Zea maysbotanical insecticidesgrain storagestored product protection
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , June 2003 , pp. 127 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allen, O. N. and Allen, E. K. (1981) The Leguminosae, A Source Book of Characteristics, Uses and Nodulation. The University of Wisconsin Press, USA. 812 pp.Google Scholar
Ayoub, K. K. (1999) Tephrosia for root rats control. The Monitor: Business, Farming, July 31, 1999.Google Scholar
Babu, R. S., Dorcus, D. and Vivekanandan, M. (1994) Possible control of tukra disease in mulberry using aqueous plant extracts of natural pesticide origin, J. Seri. Sci. Japan 63, 175–182.Google Scholar
Bekele, A. J., Obeng-Ofori, D. and Hassanali, A. (1996) Evaluation of Ocimum suave (Wild) as a source of repellents, toxicants and protectants in storage against three stored product insect pests. Int. J. Pest Manage. 42, 139–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowry, S. K., Pandey, N. D. and Tripathi, R. A. (1984) Evaluation of certain oilseed cake powders as grain protectant against Sitophilus oryzae L. Indian J. Entomol. 46, 196–200.Google Scholar
Deka, M. K., Handique, R., Karan, S. and Hazarika, L. K. (1998a) Effect of aqueous extracts on longevity and fecundity of tea mosquito bug. Crop Res., Hisar 16, 102–105.Google Scholar
Deka, M. K., Karan, S. and Handique, R. (1998b) Bioefficacy of aqueous plant extracts on viability of eggs and subsequent development of tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora). Crop Res. Hisar 16, 260–264.Google Scholar
Facknath, S. (1994) “Green” pesticides for the control of some important pests in Mauritius. Pesticide Outlook, April 1994, pp. 24–27.Google Scholar
Fatope, M. O., Nuhu, A. M., Mann, A. and Takeda, Y. (1995) Cowpea weevil bioassay: A simple pre-screen for plants with grain protectant effects. Int. J. Pest Manage. 41, 84–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finney, D. J. (1964) Statistical Methods in Biological Assay, 2nd Edition. Charles Griffin and Co. Ltd, London.Google Scholar
Getahun, A. (1976) Some Common Medicinal and Poisonous Plants Used in Ethiopian Folk Medicine. Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Golob, P. (1988) Current status of larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus Horn, in Africa. Insect Sci. Applic. 12, 737–745.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd Edition. Wiley Interscience Publications, New York.Google Scholar
Haines, C. P. (1991) Insects and Arachnids of Tropical Stored Products: Their Biology and Identification, 2nd edition. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK. 246 pp.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, B., M'batchi, B., Mounzeo, H., Bourobou, H. P. B. and Posso, P. (2000) Effect of Tephrosia vogelii and Justicia extensa on Tilapia nilotica in vivo. J. Ethnopharmacol. 69, 99–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasa, A. and Tadese, A. (1996) Evaluation of some botanicals against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch., on stored sorghum at Bako, pp. 120–126. In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of the Crop Protection Society of Ethiopia, 18–19 May 1995, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Edited by Bekele, E., Abdulahi, A. and Yemane, A.). Crop Protection Society of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Labreque, G. C (1983) Botanicals and their derivatives in vector control, pp. 451–460. In Natural Products for Innovative Pest Management (Edited by Whitehead, D.L. and Bowers, W. S.). Current Themes in Tropical Science v. 2. Pergamon Press, New York.Google Scholar
Lambert, N., Trouslot, M. F, Nefcampa, C. and Chrestin, H. (1993) Production of rotenoids by heterotrophic and photomixotrophic cell-cultures of Tephrosia vogelii. Phytochemistry 34, 1515–1520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masinde, P. S. (1996) Medicinal plants of the Marachi people of Kenya, pp. 747–753. In The Biodiversity of African Plants. Proceedings of the 14th AETFAT Congress (Edited by van der Maesen, L. J. G., van der Burgt, X. M. and van Mendenbach de Rooy, J.M.). August 22–27, 1994, Wageningen, The Netherlands.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, J. F. (1994) Lantana, or red sage (Lantana camara L., [Verbenaceae]), notorious weed and popular garden flower; some cases of poisoning in Florida. Ecol. Bot. 48, 259–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niber, B. T. (1994) The ability of powders and slurries from ten plant species to protect stored grain from attack by Prostephanus truncatus Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 30, 297–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver-Bever, B. (1986) Medicinal Plants in Tropical West Africa. Cambridge University Press, UK. 375 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, S. and Schmidt, G. H. (1992) On the knowledge of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) a dangerous pest of maize in Africa. Anz. Aschaedlingsk. Pflanzens. Umwelts. 65, 25–32.Google Scholar
Poswal, M. A. T. and Akpa, A. D. (1991) Current trends in the use of traditional and organic methods for the control of crop pests and diseases in Nigeria. Trop. Pest Manage. 37, 329–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, P. V. R., Chitra, K. C. and Rao, P. K. (1990) Field evaluation of certain plant extracts for control of brinjal spotted leaf beetle, Henosepilachna vigintiocpunctata. J. Insect Sci. 3, 194–195.Google Scholar
Regnault-Roger, C. and Hamroui, A. (1993) Efficacy of plants from south of France used as traditional protectants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. against its bruchid Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say). J. Stored Prod. Res. 29, 259–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saxena, K. N., Pala-Okeyo, A., Seshu-Reddy, K. V., Omolo, E. O. and Ngode, L. (1990) Insect pest management and socio-economic circumstances of small-scale farmers for food crop production in western Kenya: A case study. Insect Sci. Applic. 10, 443–462.Google Scholar
Saxena, R. C, Dixit, O. P. and Harshan, V. (1992) Insecticidal action of Lantana camara against Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 28, 279–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheiner, S. M. and Guvevitch, J. (1993) Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments. Chapman and Hall, New York. 445 pp.Google Scholar
Sharma, I. N. S., Singh, A. K. and Singh, S. P. (1992) Allelopathic potential of some plant substances as anti-feedants against insect pests of jute, pp. 166–168. In Proceedings of the 1st National Symposium on Allelopathy in Agro-ecosystems, 12–14 February 1992 (Edited by Tauro, P. and Narwal, S. S.). CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.Google Scholar
Sharma, O.P., Singh, A. and Sharma, S. (2000) Levels of lantadenes, bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids in young and mature leaves of Lantana camara var. aculeata. Fitoterapia 71, 487–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddiqui, B. S., Raza, S. M., Begum, S., Siddiqui, S. and Firdous, S. (1995) Pentacyclic triterpenoids from Lantana camara. Phytochemistry 38, 681–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soko, E. (1999) Introducing Tephrosia. In ECHO Development Notes (Edited by Price, M.) April 1999, 22, 4–5.Google Scholar
Talukder, F. A. and Howse, P. E. (1993) Deterrent and insecticidal effects of extracts of pithraj, Aphanamixis polystachya (Meliaceae), against Tribolium castaneum in storage. J. Chem. Ecol. 19, 2463–2471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Talukder, F. A. and Howse, P. E. (1994) Laboratory evaluation of toxic and repellent properties of the pithraj tree, Aphanamixis polystachya Wall & Parker, against Sitophilus oryzae L. Int. J. Pest Manage. 40, 274–279.Google Scholar
Tembo, E. and Murfitt, R. F. A. (1995) Effect of combining vegetable oil with pirimiphos-methyl for protection of stored wheat against Sitophilus granarius (L.). J. Stored Prod. Res. 31, 77–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Victor, R. and Ojuarega, E, (1993) Humidity responses of maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions. African J. Ecol. 31, 337–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, S.B. and Tripathi, V. (2000) Chemical components of Lantana camara Linn. Indian J. Heterocyc. Chem. 10, 71–72.Google Scholar