Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:09:32.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Community Structure and Diel Activity Patterns of Stomoxyinae from Odour-baited Nzi Trap Collections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Paul N. Ndegwa  and
Jennifer A. Ogodo
Paul N. Ndegwa
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
Jennifer A. Ogodo
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

—The community structure and diel activity patterns of peridomestic Stomoxyinae at two locations in Nairobi and its outskirts (Chiromo and Ruiru) were studied using Nzi traps baited with octenol. Six species of Stomoxys (S. calcitrans, S. niger niger, S. n. bilineatus, S. inomatus, S. taeniatus, S. varipes) and three other Stomoxyinae genera (Haematobosca, Stygeromyia, Parastomoxys) were caught. At Chiromo, species diversity (H') varied from 0.29 to 0.65 and evenness from 0.59 to 0.83, whereas at Ruiru, diversity varied from 0.0 to 0.38 and evenness from 0.0 to 0.46. Diurnal activity both S. calcitrans and S. n. niger was bimodal, with a small peak of activity in the morning (0800–1100 hrs) and a major peak in the evening (1700–1800 hrs). Both species showed a midday depression in activity. The activity of S. inomatus rose steadily throughout the day with only a slight midday depression. These results are discussed with respect to results of similar studies in a natural, undisturbed habitat.

Résumé

—La structure des communautés et les rythmes d'activité diurnes des Stomoxyinae péridomestiques de deux localités de Nairobi et de ses environs (Chiromo et Ruiru) ont été étudiés à l'aide de pièges de Nzi appàtés avec de l'octénol. Six espèces de Stomoxys (S. calcitrans, S. niger niger, S. n. bilineatus, S. inomatus, S. taeniatus, S. varipes) et trois autres genres de Stomoxyinae (Haematobosca, Stygeromyia, Parastomoxys) ont été attrappées. A Chiromo, l'indice de diversité des espèces (H') varie de 0,29 à 0,65 et celui d'équivalence entre 0,59 et 0,83, alors qu'à Ruiru, l'indice de diversité est compris entre 0,0 et 0,38 et celui d'équivalence entre 0,0 et 0,46. L'activité diurne de S. calcitrans et S. n. niger est bimodale avec un petit pic d'activité le matin (0800–1000 hrs) et un pic majeur dans la soiree (1700–1800 hrs). Les deux espèces sont peu actives en milieu de journée. L'activité de S. inomatus augmente régulièrement pendant la journée avec une baisse légère en milieu de journée. Ces résultats sont discutés en regard de résultats similaires obtenus dans un habitat naturel, non perturbé.

Keywords

peridomestic stable fliesStomoxyscommunity structurediversitydiel activityKenyamouches d'écurie péridomestiquesStomoxysstructure des communautésdiversitéactivité diurneKenya
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , December 2002 , pp. 275 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Broce, A. B. (1988) An improved Alsynite trap for stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 25, 406–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruce, W. N. and Decker, G. C. (1958) The relationship of stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) abundance to milk production in dairy cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 51, 269–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J. B., Berry, I. L., Boxter, D. J., Davies, R. L., Clanton, D. C. and Deutscher, G. H. (1987) Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 80, 117–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cilek, J.E. (1999) Evaluation of various substances to increased adult Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) collections on Alsynite cylinder traps in north Florida. J. Med. Entomol. 36, 605–609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dixon, J. B., Cull, R. S., Dunbar, I. F., Greenhill, R. J., Grimshae, C. G., Hull, M. A., Landeg, F. J. and Miller, W. M. (1971) Non-cyclical transmission of trypanosomiasis in Uganda: I. Abundance and biting behaviour of Tabanidae and Stomoxys. Vet. Rec. 89, 228–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, C. (1964) Principles of Agricultural Entomology. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Fosbrooke, H. A. (1962) Stomoxys plague in Ngorongoro, 1962. East Afr. Wildl. J. 1, 124–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gersabeck, E. F., Merritt, R. W. and Haeffner, J. D. (1982) An efficient trap for collecting wild adult stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), for mark-release studies. J. Med. Entomol. 19, 541–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greathead, D. J. and Monty, J. (1982) Biological control of stable flies (Stomoxys spp.): Results from Mauritius in relation to fly control in dispersed breeding sites. Biocontrol News Inf. 3, 105–109.Google Scholar
Harley, J. M. B (1965) Seasonal abundance and diurnal variation in activity of some Stomoxys and Tabanidae in Uganda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 56, 319–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, M. T. P and Phelps, R. J. (1991) The responses of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) to traps and artificial host odours in the field. Bull. Entomol. Res. 81, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangwagye, T. N. (1973) Diurnal and nocturnal biting activity of flies (Diptera) in western Uganda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 62, 17–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangwagye, T. N. (1974) The seasonal incidence of biting flies (Diptera) in Rwenzoris National Park and Kigezi game reserve, Uganda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 63, 535–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangwagye, T. N. (1977) Reactions of large mammals to biting flies in Rwenzori National Park, Uganda, pp. 32–34. In Adv. Med. Vet. Agric. Entomol., Eastern Africa (Edited by Delima, C. P. M). East Africa Literature Bureau, Nairobi.Google Scholar
Kunz, S. E. and Monty, J. (1976) Biology and ecology of Stomoxys nigra Macquart and Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Mauritius. Bull. Entomol. Res. 66, 754–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lysyk, T.J. (1993) Seasonal abundance of stable flies and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in dairies in Alberta, Canada. J. Med. Entomol. 30, 888–895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mihok, S. (2002) The development of a multipurpose trap (the Nzi) for tsetse and other biting flies. Bull. Entomol. Res. 92, 385–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mihok, S. and Clausen, P.-H. (1996) Feeding habits of Stomoxys spp. stable flies in a Kenyan forest. Med. Vet. Entomol. 10, 392–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mihok, S., Maramba, O., Munyoki, E. and Saleh, K. (1996) Phenology of Stomoxyinae in a Kenyan forest. Med. Vet. Entomol. 10, 305–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mihok, S., Kang'ethe, E. J. and Kamau, G. K. (1995a) Trials of traps and attractants for Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 32, 283–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mihok, S., Maramba, O., Munyoki, E. and Kagoiya, J. (1995b) Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma spp. by African Stomoxyinae. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 46, 103–105.Google ScholarPubMed
Mihok, S., Otieno, L. H. and Tarimo, C. S. (1992) Trypanosome infection rates in tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and cattle during tsetse control campaign in the Kagera River region of Rwanda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 82, 361–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schofield, S. (1998) Responses to electrified targets and daily activity of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Zimbabwe. Bull. Entomol. Res. 88, 627–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G. A. (1993) Development of baits for tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zimbabwe. J. Med.Entomol. 50, 831–842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, R. and Shearer, D. (1997) Veterinary Entomology. Chapman & Hall, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, E. A. (1972) The importance of mechanical transmission in the epidemiology of nagana: A review. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 4, 74–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, D. F. (1973) Sticky traps for sampling populations of Stomoxys calcitrans. J. Econ. Entomol. 66, 1279–1280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zar, J. H. (1984) Biostatistical Analysis. 2nd edition, Prentice-Hall, London.Google Scholar
Zumpt, F. (1973) The Stomoxyinae Biting Flies of the World. Diptera: Muscidae. Taxonomy, Biology, Economic Importance and Control Measures. Gustav, Fischer, Stuttgart.Google Scholar