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Biology of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Cool-Season Legumes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Melaku Wale ,
Bekele Jembere  and
Emiru Seyoum
Melaku Wale
Affiliation:
Adet Research Centre, P.O. Box 8, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Bekele Jembere
Affiliation:
Science Faculty, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Emiru Seyoum
Affiliation:
Science Faculty, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Abstract

The biology of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on four legumes (faba bean, field pea, lentil and grass pea) was studied in a greenhouse during the 1999/2000 seasons. There was no significant difference in length of nymphal period and number of moults (instars) among the crop species tested. The aphids generally took 9 to 11 days to reach the adult stage with a maximum of 3 moults. Lifespan was significantly longer on lentils than on other crops. Significantly more aphids survived beyond 15 days on lentil than on other crops. Similarly, the reproductive and post-reproductive period and adult longevity were longer on lentil. The pre-reproductive period was significantly higher on field pea than on the other crops. The net reproductive rate (R0) was highest on lentil (103.56 females /female) arid the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was highest on faba bean due to a short generation time (14.27 days). Generally, lifetime fecundity was higher on lentil (115.10/female) due to a higher daily reproduction rate (6.7 nymphs/female/day) on this crop. Nymphal production per aphid was strongly and positively correlated with lifespan, reproductive period and adult longevity but not of the nymphal period. Daily nymph production was significantly correlated with minimum temperature on lentil alone (F = 4.61, P < 0.05). Knowledge of the crop species and varieties susceptible to pea aphid is useful for identifying diets for the mass rearing of aphids for use in resistant variety selection and as diet for artificial natural enemy production. The present experiment indicates that lentil is suitable for both purposes.

Résumé

La biologie du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), sur quatre légumineuses (fève, pois fourrager, lentille et gesse) a été étudiée en serre pendant les saisons culturales 1999/2000. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative entre la durée de l'état nymphal et le nombre de mues (stades larvaires) de l'insecte au sein des espèces de plantes testées. Les pucerons ont généralement mis de 9 à 11 jours pour atteindre l'état imaginal, avec un maximum de 3 mues. La durée du cycle biologique était sensiblement plus longue sur lentille que sur les autres cultures. La plupart de pucerons ont survécu au delà de 15 jours sur lentille que sur les autres cultures. La période de reproduction et de post-reproduction, de mêeme que la longévité des adultes était plus longue sur lentille. La période d'avant-reproduction était sensiblement plus longue sur pois fourrager que sur les autres cultures. Le taux de reproduction nette (R0) était le plus élevé sur lentille (103,56 femelles/femelle) tandis que le taux d'accroissement intrinsèque (r) était le plus élevé sur fève, vu l'intervalle de temps court entre les générations (14,27 jours). D'une façon générale, l'intevalle de fécondité étaitplus long sur lentille (115,10/femelle) suite au taux quotidien plus élevé de reproduction (6,7 nymphes/femelle/jour), sur cette culture. Le nombre de nymphes par puceron était fortement et positivement corrélé avec le cycle biologique de l'insecte, la période de reproduction et la longévité de l'adulte, mais pas avec la durée de l'état nymphal. La production quotidienne de nymphes a été sensiblement corrélée avec la température minimale, seulement dans le cas de la lentille (F = 4,61, P. < 0,05). La connaissance d'espèces et variétés de plantes sensibles vis-à-vis du puceron du pois est utile lors de l'identification des médias pour l'élevage en masse des pucerons utilisés dans la sélection pour la résistante variétale ou comme milieu pour la production artificielle des ennemis naturels. Cette expérience indique que la lentille est mieux indiquée pour les deux finalités.

Keywords

pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisumbiologynymphal stagelifespanlongevityfecundityfood legumespuceron du poisAcyrlhosiplion pisumbiologieétat nymphaldurée du cycle biologiquelongévitéféconditénourriture à base de légumineuses
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , September 2000 , pp. 171 - 180
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2000

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