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Biology and control of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus* Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae) with special reference to Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

R. Subra
R. Subra
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Coastal Field Station, P.O. Box 80804, Mombasa, Kenya
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Abstract

This paper is an attempt to synthesize information available on C. p. quinquefasciatus in Africa. The latter is presently found in most urban areas of the African continent and in rural settlements which show some trends towards urbanization. In East Africa, and the islands of the Indian Ocean, C. p. quinquefasciatus is one of the major natural vectors of Wuchereria bancrofti. In addition it can also transmit, under laboratory conditions, some other pathogenic agents.

Preimaginal forms develop in different kinds of man-made breeding-places, especially those containing polluted water. The situation in each African region is reviewed in detail.

Female behaviour during the different phases of the gonotrophic cycle is analysed, together with population dynamics.

Control methods by synthetic insecticides are discussed in relation to resistance problems and the characteristics of the breeding sites. Other control methods based on the use of growth regulators, genetic manipulation, biological agents (parasites and predators) and environmental management have been investigated as well. Most of them cannot be easily applied or are not yet applicable for control operations.

Résumé

Cet article est un essai de synthèse des informations concernant C. p. quinquefasciatus en Afrique. Ce moustique se rencontre actuellement dans la plupart des zones urbaines du continent Africain et également dans de nombreuses zones rurales presentant certains caractères d'urbanisation. En Afrique de l'Est et dans les îles de l'Océan Indien, C. p. quinquefasciatus est l'un des vecteurs majeurs de la filariose de Bancroft. En laboratoire il peut également transmettre d'autres maladies.

Ses formes préimaginales se développent surtout dans des gîtes à eaux polluées, d'origine anthropique. Les situations propres à chacune des grandes régions Africaines sont passées en revue.

Le comportement des femelles au cours des différentes phases du cycle gonotrophique et la dynamique des populations sont analysés en détail.

Les moyens de lutte par l'emploi d'insecticides de synthèse sont examinés en relation avec les problèmes de résistance et la nature des gites larvaires. Il existe d'autres possibilités de lutte, basées sur l'utilisation de régulateurs de croissance, de méthodes génétiques, d'agents biologiques (parasites et prédateurs) et sur l'aménagement de l'environnement. Cependant la plupart d'entr'elles sont difficilement applicables ou non encore opérationnelles.

Keywords

Culex pipiens quinquefasciatusAfricadistributionrole in public healthpreimaginal stagesadult mosquitoeschemical controlinsecticide resistancealternative control methodsCulex pipiens quinquefasciatusAfriquerépartitionrôle en santé publiqueformes préimaginalesadulteslutte chimiquerésistance aux insecticideslutte non chimique
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 1 , Issue 4 , December 1981 , pp. 319 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1981

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